2024-2025 NCLEX RN FUNDAMENTALS IN
NURSING QUESTIONS & CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES.
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING TEST I
NB: ‘ex’ stands for Explanation
1. The four major concepts in nursing theory are the
A. Person, Environment, Nurse, Health
B. Nurse, Person, Environment, Cure
C. Primitive, Preventive, Curative, Rehabilitative
D. Person, Environment, Nursing, Health
ex
This is an actual board exam question and is a common board question.
Theorist always describes The nursing profession by first defining what is
NURSING, followed by the PERSON, ENVIRONMENT and HEALTH CONCEPT. The
most popular theory was perhaps Nightingale’s. She defined nursing as the
utilization of the person’s environment to assist him towards recovery. She
definedthe person as somebody who has a reparative capabilities mediated and
enhanced by factors in his environment. She describes the environment as
something that would facilitate the person’s reparative process and identified
different factors like sanitation, noise, etc. that affects a person’s reparative state.
2. The act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery
is theorized by
A. Nightingale
B. Benner
C. Swanson
D. King
ex
Florence nightingale do not believe in the germ theory, and perhaps this was
her biggest mistake. Yet, her theory was the first in nursing. She believed that
manipulation of environment that includes appropriate noise, nutrition, hygiene,
light, comfort, sanitation etc. could provide the client’s body the nurturance it
needs for repair and recovery.
3. For her, Nursing is a theoretical system of knowledge that prescribes a process
of analysis and action related to care of the ill person
A. King
B. Henderson
C. Roy
D. Leininger
, Remember the word “ THEOROYTICAL “ For Callista Roy, Nursing is a
theoretical body of knowledge that prescribes analysis and action to care for an ill
person. She introduced the ADAPTATION MODEL and viewed person as a
BIOSPSYCHOSOCIAL BEING. She believed that by adaptation, Man can maintain
homeostasis.
4. According to her, Nursing is a helping or assistive profession to persons who
are wholly or partly dependent or when those who are supposedly caring for them
are no longer able to give care.
A. Henderson
B. Orem
C. Swanson
D. Neuman
ex
In self-care deficit theory, Nursing is defined as A helping or assistive profession
to person who are wholly or partly dependent or when people who are to give
care to them are no longer available. Self-care, are the activities that a person
doesfor himself to maintain health, life and well-being.
5. Nursing is a unique profession, concerned with all the variables affecting an
individual’s response to stressors, which are intra, inter and extra personal in
nature.
A. Neuman
B. Johnson
C. Watson
D. Parse
ex
Neuman divided stressors as either intra, inter and extra personal in nature.
She said that NURSING is concerned with eliminating these stressors to obtain a
maximum level of wellness. The nurse helps the client through PRIMARY,
SECONDARY AND TERTIARY prevention modes. Please do not confuse this with
LEAVELL and CLARK’S level of prevention.
6. The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the
performance of those activities contributing to health that he would perform
unaided if he has the necessary strength, will and knowledge, and do this in such
a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible.
A. Henderson
B. Abdellah
C. Levin
D. Peplau
ex
This was an actual board question. Remember this definition and associate it
with Virginia Henderson. Henderson also describes the NATURE OF NURSING
theory. She identified 14 basic needs of the client. She describes nursing roles as
SUBSTITUTIVE: Doing everything for the client, SUPPLEMENTARY: Helping the
client and COMPLEMENTARY: Working with the client. Breathing normally,
eliminating waste, Eating and drinking adequately, Worship and Play are some
of the basic needs according to her.
7. Caring is the essence and central unifying, a dominant domain that
distinguishes nursing from other health disciplines. Care is an essential human
need.
, A. Benner
B. Watson
C. Leininger
D. Swanson
ex
There are many theorist that describes nursing as CARE. The most popular was
JEAN WATSON'S Human Caring Model. But this question pertains to Leininger's
definition of caring. CUD I LIE IN GER? [ Could I Lie In There ] Is the Mnemonics I
am using not to get confused. C stands for CENTRAL , U stands for UNIFYING, D
stands for DOMINANT DOMAIN. I emphasize on this matter due to feedback on
the last June 2006 batch about a question about CARING.
8. Caring involves 5 processes, KNOWING, BEING WITH, DOING FOR, ENABLING
and MAINTAINING BELIEF.
A. Benner
B. Watson
C. Leininger
D. Swanson
ex
Caring according to Swanson involves 5 processes. Knowing means
understanding the client. Being with emphasizes the Physical presence of the
nurse for the patient. Doing for means doing things for the patient when he is
incapable of doing it for himself. Enabling means helping client transcend
maturational and developmental stressors in life while Maintaining belief is the
ability of the Nurse to inculcate meaning to these events.
9. Caring is healing, it is communicated through the consciousness of the nurse to
the individual being cared for. It allows access to higher human spirit.
A. Benner
B. Watson
C. Leininger
D. Swanson
ex
The deepest and spiritual definition of Caring came from Jean watson. For her,
Caring expands the limits of openness and allows access to higher human spirit.
10. Caring means that person, events, projects and things matter to people. It
reveals stress and coping options. Caring creates responsibility. It is an inherent
feature of nursing practice. It helps the nurse assist clients to recover in the face
of the illness.
A. Benner
B. Watson
C. Leininger
D. Swanson
ex
I think of CARE BEAR to facilitate retainment of BENNER. As in, Care Benner.
For her, Caring means being CONNECTED or making things matter to people.
Caring according to Benner give meaning to illness and re establish connection.
11. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about profession according to Marie
Jahoda?
A. A profession is an organization of an occupational group based on the
NURSING QUESTIONS & CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES.
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING TEST I
NB: ‘ex’ stands for Explanation
1. The four major concepts in nursing theory are the
A. Person, Environment, Nurse, Health
B. Nurse, Person, Environment, Cure
C. Primitive, Preventive, Curative, Rehabilitative
D. Person, Environment, Nursing, Health
ex
This is an actual board exam question and is a common board question.
Theorist always describes The nursing profession by first defining what is
NURSING, followed by the PERSON, ENVIRONMENT and HEALTH CONCEPT. The
most popular theory was perhaps Nightingale’s. She defined nursing as the
utilization of the person’s environment to assist him towards recovery. She
definedthe person as somebody who has a reparative capabilities mediated and
enhanced by factors in his environment. She describes the environment as
something that would facilitate the person’s reparative process and identified
different factors like sanitation, noise, etc. that affects a person’s reparative state.
2. The act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery
is theorized by
A. Nightingale
B. Benner
C. Swanson
D. King
ex
Florence nightingale do not believe in the germ theory, and perhaps this was
her biggest mistake. Yet, her theory was the first in nursing. She believed that
manipulation of environment that includes appropriate noise, nutrition, hygiene,
light, comfort, sanitation etc. could provide the client’s body the nurturance it
needs for repair and recovery.
3. For her, Nursing is a theoretical system of knowledge that prescribes a process
of analysis and action related to care of the ill person
A. King
B. Henderson
C. Roy
D. Leininger
, Remember the word “ THEOROYTICAL “ For Callista Roy, Nursing is a
theoretical body of knowledge that prescribes analysis and action to care for an ill
person. She introduced the ADAPTATION MODEL and viewed person as a
BIOSPSYCHOSOCIAL BEING. She believed that by adaptation, Man can maintain
homeostasis.
4. According to her, Nursing is a helping or assistive profession to persons who
are wholly or partly dependent or when those who are supposedly caring for them
are no longer able to give care.
A. Henderson
B. Orem
C. Swanson
D. Neuman
ex
In self-care deficit theory, Nursing is defined as A helping or assistive profession
to person who are wholly or partly dependent or when people who are to give
care to them are no longer available. Self-care, are the activities that a person
doesfor himself to maintain health, life and well-being.
5. Nursing is a unique profession, concerned with all the variables affecting an
individual’s response to stressors, which are intra, inter and extra personal in
nature.
A. Neuman
B. Johnson
C. Watson
D. Parse
ex
Neuman divided stressors as either intra, inter and extra personal in nature.
She said that NURSING is concerned with eliminating these stressors to obtain a
maximum level of wellness. The nurse helps the client through PRIMARY,
SECONDARY AND TERTIARY prevention modes. Please do not confuse this with
LEAVELL and CLARK’S level of prevention.
6. The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the
performance of those activities contributing to health that he would perform
unaided if he has the necessary strength, will and knowledge, and do this in such
a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible.
A. Henderson
B. Abdellah
C. Levin
D. Peplau
ex
This was an actual board question. Remember this definition and associate it
with Virginia Henderson. Henderson also describes the NATURE OF NURSING
theory. She identified 14 basic needs of the client. She describes nursing roles as
SUBSTITUTIVE: Doing everything for the client, SUPPLEMENTARY: Helping the
client and COMPLEMENTARY: Working with the client. Breathing normally,
eliminating waste, Eating and drinking adequately, Worship and Play are some
of the basic needs according to her.
7. Caring is the essence and central unifying, a dominant domain that
distinguishes nursing from other health disciplines. Care is an essential human
need.
, A. Benner
B. Watson
C. Leininger
D. Swanson
ex
There are many theorist that describes nursing as CARE. The most popular was
JEAN WATSON'S Human Caring Model. But this question pertains to Leininger's
definition of caring. CUD I LIE IN GER? [ Could I Lie In There ] Is the Mnemonics I
am using not to get confused. C stands for CENTRAL , U stands for UNIFYING, D
stands for DOMINANT DOMAIN. I emphasize on this matter due to feedback on
the last June 2006 batch about a question about CARING.
8. Caring involves 5 processes, KNOWING, BEING WITH, DOING FOR, ENABLING
and MAINTAINING BELIEF.
A. Benner
B. Watson
C. Leininger
D. Swanson
ex
Caring according to Swanson involves 5 processes. Knowing means
understanding the client. Being with emphasizes the Physical presence of the
nurse for the patient. Doing for means doing things for the patient when he is
incapable of doing it for himself. Enabling means helping client transcend
maturational and developmental stressors in life while Maintaining belief is the
ability of the Nurse to inculcate meaning to these events.
9. Caring is healing, it is communicated through the consciousness of the nurse to
the individual being cared for. It allows access to higher human spirit.
A. Benner
B. Watson
C. Leininger
D. Swanson
ex
The deepest and spiritual definition of Caring came from Jean watson. For her,
Caring expands the limits of openness and allows access to higher human spirit.
10. Caring means that person, events, projects and things matter to people. It
reveals stress and coping options. Caring creates responsibility. It is an inherent
feature of nursing practice. It helps the nurse assist clients to recover in the face
of the illness.
A. Benner
B. Watson
C. Leininger
D. Swanson
ex
I think of CARE BEAR to facilitate retainment of BENNER. As in, Care Benner.
For her, Caring means being CONNECTED or making things matter to people.
Caring according to Benner give meaning to illness and re establish connection.
11. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about profession according to Marie
Jahoda?
A. A profession is an organization of an occupational group based on the
