AMSC FINAL EXAM WITH ANSWERS

2 for 2 rule - answer-if the athlete can perform two or more repetitions over his or her assigned repetition goal in the last set in two consecutive workouts for a given exercise, weight should be added to that exercise for the next training session. 2nd pull (shift) - answer--window position -shift balance to balls of feet w/o moving shoulders back -scoop/double knee bend/shift 3rd pull - answer-triple extension 4 phases of new facility design - answer--predesign phase -design phase -construction phase -preoperation phase Abuse of hgh - answer--diabetes in prone individuals -cv dysfunction -muscle, joint, and bone pain -hypertension -abnormal growth of organs -accelerate osteoarthritis Access - answer--a ramp should run 12 inches for every 1-inch rise (30.5cm run for every 2.5cm rise) Access - answer--should be acceptable to persons with disabilities, with either a ramp or a wheelchair lift for any change in height exceeding 0.5 inches (1.3 cm) Access - answer--steps should have a rough strip on the edge to prevent people from falling Adolescents - answer--primary goal is to develop neuromuscular control and anaerobic skills that will carry over into adult athletic participation -gradually progress from simple to complex -the recovery time between workouts should be a minimum of 2-3 days Advanced - answer-4-7x per week Adverse effects of hcg - answer--there is very little research on the side effects of hcg injections -the side effects that are common to injection are pain, swelling, and tenderness around the injection site Aerobic system - answer-long term/low intensity Agility - answer-the skills and abilities needed to change direction, velocity, or mode in response to a stimulus Agility requires - answer-performance requires the use of perceptual-cognitive ability in combination with the ability to decelerate and then accelerate in an intended direction Agonist - answer-the muscle or muscle group actively causing the movement Alarm phase - answer-the initial phase of training, when stimulus is first recognized and performance generally decreases in response to fatigue Amortization phase - answer--pause between phases 1 and 2 -type 1a afferent nerves synapse with alpha motor neurons -alpha motor neurons transmit signals to agonist muscle group Anabolic steroids (dosing) - answer-stacking regimen Anabolic steroids/hormones - answer--the synthetic (man-made) derivatives of the male sex hormone, testosterone Anaerobic systems - answer-short term/high intensity Anorexia nervosa - answer--body image -fear of weight/fat gain -repeated weighing -cutting food into small pieces -portioning food -excessive caloric restriction -increased weight loss Anorexia nervosa - answer--self-imposed starvation in an effort to lose weight and achieve thinness -thinning of bones -brittle hair and nails -dry and yellowish skin -growth of fine hair all over body -mild anemia and muscle wasting and weakness -etc. Antagonist - answer-the sometimes passive muscle or muscle group located on the opposite side of the limb Any overload method needs adaptation time - answer-small incremental increases of 2.5-5% Arginine - answer--claims often attributed to supplementation -elevation in nitric oxide levels -increase in muscle blood flow -improvement in exercise performance As intensity increases for plyometrics - answer-volume should decrease Assessment of the athlete - answer-physical testing and evaluation Primary resistance training goal Assessment of the athlete - answer-training status -type of training program -length of recent regular participation in previous training programs -level of intensity -degree of exercise technique experience Assistance exercises - answer--recruit smaller muscle areas -involve only one primary joint -considered less important to improving sport performance B-adrenergic agonists (clenbuterol) - answer--chemically related to epinephrine (hormone in adrenal medulla) -β-adrenergic agonists can increase lean mass and decrease stored fat. B-blockers (atenolol, propranolol) - answer--drugs which block beta adrenergic receptors (prevent norepi/epi from binding) -β-blockers reduce anxiety and tremors during performance. -but ↓ hr and can cause feeling of lethargy Back - answer-low back lordosis Balance - answer-heel-arch Ball of foot - answer-acceleration Locomotion Bar - answer-mid-foot Barbells and dumbbells should have a minimum of ________ of space between them to allow for movement between racks without danger to the lifters and spotters - answer-36 inches (91cm) Bcaa leucine - answer--key regulator in stimulating muscle protein synthesis. -directly activates the akt/mtor pathway in skeletal muscle, which is a key pathway in skeletal muscle protein synthesis. Beginner - answer-2-3x per week Beta-alanine - answer--nonessential aa -common in foods (chicken) -increases work capacity at anaerobic threshold -has been seen to increase time to fatigue in untrained -is not banned Bottom to top - answer--start/floor -1st pull