STRAIGHTERLINE MICROBIOLOGY

Cell walls are not typically possessed by ______. - answer-protozoa The two major groups of helminths are the ______ and the ______. - answer-roundworms; flatworms Which of the following is not true of conjugation? A. Involves direct contact between cells B. Transfers genes for drug resistance C. Transfers genes for enzymes and adherence molecules D. Involves the action of bacteriophage E. The donor retains a copy of the transferred genes - answer-Involves the action of bacteriophage Which of the following properties is likely to be found in a pioneer colonizer of a biofilm on an artificial joint implant? - answer-Surface structures for attaching to tissue A bacterium is inoculated into a tube of thioglycollate and incubated. After incubation, turbidity appears throughout, top to bottom, with the greatest turbidty at the very top. This bacterium would be called a(n) ______. - answer-facultative anaerobe An organic nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the organism and must be provided is called a(n) ______. - answer-growth factor Humans can see objects as small as 0.1 mm. Leeuwenhoek's best microscope could magnify objects to 300X. Which of the following would be invisible using Leeuwenhoek's microscope? - answer-Poliovirus, 30 nm Which of the following is not associated with every virus? A. Envelope B. Capsomeres C. Capsid D. Nucleic acid E. Genome - answer-Envelope A diagram of the three domains (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya) proceeding from the Last Universal Common Ancestor would show Archaea - answer-branching off the Domain Eukarya. During aerobic cellular respiration, the final electron acceptor is ______. - answer-oxygen The endosymbiotic theory has been developed to explain the emergence of ______. - answer-eukaryotes Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms? A. Cause human disease B. Lack a nucleus C. Cannot be seen without a microscope D. Contain genetic material E. Lack cell structure - answer-Lack cell structure What type of mutation alters the base but not the amino acid being coded for? - answer-Silent The eukaryotic cell organelle that most resembles a bacterial cell is the ______. - answer-mitochondrion Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that - answer-specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called ______. - answer-phylogeny Starch is the primary storage food for all of the following except ______. - answer-animals What is the maximum number of electrons in the second energy shell of an atom? - answer-8 A nutrient medium that has all of its chemical components identified and their precise concentrations known and reproducible is termed ______. - answer-defined The correct microbiological term for the sample of specimen that is put into a nutrient medium to produce a culture is ______. - answer-inoculum The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes the sexually-transmitted infection gonorrhea. Although it can be isolated from the vagina, there are numerous normal biota in that location as well. To generate a pure culture of this pathogenic bacterium, the best choice is a(n) ______. - answer-selective medium A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-bonded to 2 other carbons and 2 hydrogens. - answer-saturated Caring for patients infected with a new virus requires safety precautions for medical personnel. Choosing appropriate procedures is an example of a(n) ______ process. - answer-deductive All of the following are diameters of cells that would be resolved in a microscope with a limit of resolution of 0.2 µm except ______. - answer-0.1 µm A pure culture contains - answer-only one identified species of microorganism. Microorganisms are best defined as organisms that - answer-are too small to be seen with the unaided eye All cells contain - answer-ribosomes for protein synthesis. The process of sporangium formation and endospore maturation requires 6-8 hours. What is most likely to result if the temperature of the environment was raised to 100°C about 2 hours after the process started? - answer-The endospore would not form properly because it is not yet heat resistant. Which of the following is not a characteristic of bacteria? - answer-Organelles termed mitochondria are the site of ATP production. The process of dissolving the envelope and capsid to release the viral nucleic acid is ______. - answer-uncoating A saprobe differs from a parasite in that - answer-a saprobe derives nutrients from dead plants and animals, but a parasite derives nutrients from living plants and animals. You apply the acid-fast stain method to a patient's specimen, an aspirate from the lungs. Microscopic examination reveals a large number of bright pink-red bacillus-shaped bacteria in the smear. Which statement is true? - answer-The patient has tuberculosis. Select the statement that most accurately describes the action of antimicrobial drugs today. - answer-Antiviral drugs often result in toxic side effects due to their inhibition of host cell activity. Viruses attach to their hosts via ______. - answer-host glycoproteins Which organelle contains cristae where enzymes and electron carriers for aerobic respiration are found? - answer-Mitochondrion A protozoan cyst differs from a helminth egg in that - answer-the cyst can germinate to form the organism but the egg must be fertilized. Mycobacterium and Nocardia are distinguished from other bacteria by the ______ stain. - answer-acid-fast The simple microscopes used by the earliest practitioners of microscopy contained which of the following? - answer-Magnifying lens The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria, all derived from ______. - answer-the last universal common ancestor A scientist who studies the influence of microbes in the formation of caves is called a(n) ______. - answer-geomicrobiologist Which of the following is a correct description of a component of the ATP molecule? - answer-Sugar: ribose The valence number is the - answer-number of electrons in the outermost orbital Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding protein structure? - answer-The interaction between various R groups of amino acids determines the primary structure of a protein. The sum total of all the microbes in a certain environment is termed the ______. - answer-microbiome How are viroids transmitted? - answer-Plant seeds Vira