DaVita Final Exam Questions &
Answers(GRADED A)
Ultrafiltration - ANSWER Forcing fluids across semipermeable membrane via
hydrostatic pressure
Convection - ANSWER Fluid and solutes being moved through spm during ultrafiltration
Diffusion - ANSWER solutes moving from high concentration to low concentration
Osmosis - ANSWER Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane to
area of high solute concentration
what are kidneys excretory function? - ANSWER filtering waste products
normalize electrolytes
provide fluid/nutrition balance
what is the function of acid concentrate? - ANSWER Provides the concentration
gradient for diffusion
what is the function of bicarbonate? - ANSWER acts as a buffer, normalizes body pH
S/S of hyperkalemia - ANSWER >6.5 mEq, muscle weakness, arrhythmias, widened
QRS, possible cardiac arrest
S/S of hypokalemia - ANSWER <3.5 mEq, muscle weakness, paralysis, respiratory
failure, cardiac instability, cardiac arrest, arrhythmias
what are kidneys endocrine function? - ANSWER erythropoesis, secretion of renin,
activation of vitamin D
How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions? - ANSWER ACE inhibitors,
phosphorus binders
How much of normal kidney function is replaced by HD? - ANSWER 15%
What is uremia and what does it affect? - ANSWER build up of wastes in blood
affects neuro/psych, cardiovascular, hematologic, muscular, bone, gastro, skin
what are the most common causes of CKD in the US? - ANSWER diabetes,
hypertension, polycystic kidney disease
, Treatment goals for CKD patient - ANSWER slow progression, control comorbidities,
manage conditions causing CKD, control symptoms, educate, encourage pt to
participate, minimize effect on pt lifestyle
S/S fluid imbalance - ANSWER Edema
HTN
Pulmonary edema
CHF
Why is sodium balance important? - ANSWER increase sodium > water retention >
damage to nephrons > nephrotic syndrome
Treatment for dry itchy skin - ANSWER fatty bars of soap
treatment for peripheral neuropathy - ANSWER monitor for changes in motor function,
no walking barefoot
treatment for GI problems - ANSWER inform RN of any bleeding, constipation, diarrhea,
ER visits
take meds as ordered
treatment for psychological problems - ANSWER speak to social worker
what does hypertension lead to? - ANSWER left ventricular hypertrophy
What is pericarditis? - ANSWER inflammation of the pericardium
treatment for pericarditis - ANSWER good dialysis, fluids, anti inflammatories,
antibiotics, surgery
Why are dialysis patients anemic? - ANSWER lack of erythropoietin, inadequate iron,
inadequate dialysis, malnutrition, blood loss
what are four key elements contributing to MBD? - ANSWER calcium, phosphorus,
parathyroid hormone, vitamin D
what are the symptoms of MBD? - ANSWER severe itching, calciphylaxis, muscle
weakness, bone pain, fractures, tendon ruptures, compression of vertebrae,
atherosclerosis, heart disease, growth failure (PEDS)
AKI - ANSWER acute kidney injury, encompasses wide range of kidney issues
Causes of pre-renal AKI - ANSWER volume depletion, decreased cardiac output,
severe hypotension, renal vascular obstruction
Answers(GRADED A)
Ultrafiltration - ANSWER Forcing fluids across semipermeable membrane via
hydrostatic pressure
Convection - ANSWER Fluid and solutes being moved through spm during ultrafiltration
Diffusion - ANSWER solutes moving from high concentration to low concentration
Osmosis - ANSWER Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane to
area of high solute concentration
what are kidneys excretory function? - ANSWER filtering waste products
normalize electrolytes
provide fluid/nutrition balance
what is the function of acid concentrate? - ANSWER Provides the concentration
gradient for diffusion
what is the function of bicarbonate? - ANSWER acts as a buffer, normalizes body pH
S/S of hyperkalemia - ANSWER >6.5 mEq, muscle weakness, arrhythmias, widened
QRS, possible cardiac arrest
S/S of hypokalemia - ANSWER <3.5 mEq, muscle weakness, paralysis, respiratory
failure, cardiac instability, cardiac arrest, arrhythmias
what are kidneys endocrine function? - ANSWER erythropoesis, secretion of renin,
activation of vitamin D
How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions? - ANSWER ACE inhibitors,
phosphorus binders
How much of normal kidney function is replaced by HD? - ANSWER 15%
What is uremia and what does it affect? - ANSWER build up of wastes in blood
affects neuro/psych, cardiovascular, hematologic, muscular, bone, gastro, skin
what are the most common causes of CKD in the US? - ANSWER diabetes,
hypertension, polycystic kidney disease
, Treatment goals for CKD patient - ANSWER slow progression, control comorbidities,
manage conditions causing CKD, control symptoms, educate, encourage pt to
participate, minimize effect on pt lifestyle
S/S fluid imbalance - ANSWER Edema
HTN
Pulmonary edema
CHF
Why is sodium balance important? - ANSWER increase sodium > water retention >
damage to nephrons > nephrotic syndrome
Treatment for dry itchy skin - ANSWER fatty bars of soap
treatment for peripheral neuropathy - ANSWER monitor for changes in motor function,
no walking barefoot
treatment for GI problems - ANSWER inform RN of any bleeding, constipation, diarrhea,
ER visits
take meds as ordered
treatment for psychological problems - ANSWER speak to social worker
what does hypertension lead to? - ANSWER left ventricular hypertrophy
What is pericarditis? - ANSWER inflammation of the pericardium
treatment for pericarditis - ANSWER good dialysis, fluids, anti inflammatories,
antibiotics, surgery
Why are dialysis patients anemic? - ANSWER lack of erythropoietin, inadequate iron,
inadequate dialysis, malnutrition, blood loss
what are four key elements contributing to MBD? - ANSWER calcium, phosphorus,
parathyroid hormone, vitamin D
what are the symptoms of MBD? - ANSWER severe itching, calciphylaxis, muscle
weakness, bone pain, fractures, tendon ruptures, compression of vertebrae,
atherosclerosis, heart disease, growth failure (PEDS)
AKI - ANSWER acute kidney injury, encompasses wide range of kidney issues
Causes of pre-renal AKI - ANSWER volume depletion, decreased cardiac output,
severe hypotension, renal vascular obstruction
