NURS 6111 Exam 1
1. 135-145: Na normal lab value
2. 3.5-5.0: K normal lab value
3. 1.3-2.1 mEq/L: Mg normal lab value
4. 8.5-10.5 mg/dL: Calcium normal lab value
5. excessive thirst, increased urination, muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness,
irregular heartbeat, constipation, abdominal cramping: Abnormal signs and
symptoms of K
6. muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, numbness/tin-
gling, mental symptoms, insomnia: Abnormal signs and symptoms of Mg
7. converting a strong acid or base to a weak one: Acid-base buffer systems
minimize pH changes by
8. Type 1: Immunoglobulin IgE mediated reactions(allergic reaction), rapid
time frame, ex peanut allergy
Type 2: tissue specific, activates complement cascade/phagocytosis, body
attacks healthy RBC thinking they are foreign, ex graves, hep induced throm-
bocytopenia
Type 3: immune complexes formed in circulation and deposited into cell wall
and cause tissue damage , ex is rayanuds
Type 4: delayed sensitivity, only type that is mediated by T lymphocytes and
do not involve antibodies, ex contact sensitivity to poison ivy, latex, mycobac-
terial infection: Types of hypersensitivity reactions
9. baby born before 37 weeks gestation, causes: maternal age, multiple preg-
nancies, uterine or cervical abnormalities, infections/chronic conditions. Clin-
ical findings of premature babies: low birth weight, jaundice, feeding difficul-
ties: Prematurity
10. babies born before 28 weeks, caused by lack of surfactant, characterized
by shallow rapid breathing(grunting), males are more prone: RDS (respiratory
distress syndrome)
11. babies born before 32 weeks, caused by damage and inflammation to
intestinal tissues, characterized by bloody stools and distended abdomen.
Risk factors: low birth weight, formula feedings: NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis)
12. common between 1-4 months of age, most frequent death for child 2
weeks-1 year, can occur from sleeping on soft surface, occurs in boys more
often than girls: SIDS(sudden infant death syndrome)
13. Caused by a lack of genetic material in the 15 pair of chromosomes. Usually
inherited from the father. The leading genetic cause of obesity. The degree
of mental retardation varies, but is usually in the mild range. Students with
Prader-Willi syndrome can be rigid and oppositional. They do not respond
well to sudden changes in their routine. It can also result in low muscle tone,
1/9
, NURS 6111 Exam 1
short stature, incomplete sexual development, cognitive disabilities, problem
behaviors, and a chronic feeling of hunger that can lead to excessive eating
and life-threatening obesity.: Prader-Willi Syndrome
14. caused by missing piece of chromosome 22, affects the heart, immune sys-
tem, parathyroid glands, can be inherited from parents, DGS triad: conotruncal
cardiac anomalies, hypoplastic thymus, and hypocalcemia. can cause cleft lip,
hearing loss, learning difficulties: DiGeorge Syndrome
15. inhibit the passage of alien substances that attempt to enter the circulatory
system. mucosal immunity: Function of IgA antibody
16. protect against parasitic invasions and supervise allergic reactions: func-
tion of IgE antibody
17. -Long-term immunity
-protection of newborns during the first 6 months of life: Function of IgG
antibody
18. Activated complement system (classical pathway)
Agglutinate microorganism: Function of IgM antibody
19. can lead to the patient developing antibodies that fight against the IgA
causing a transfusion reaction: Why can select IgA deficiency lead to a blood
transfusion reaction?
20. albumin, fibrinogen, globulins. Proteins function to control oncotic pres-
sure, transport substances (hemoglobin, lipids, calcium), and promote inflam-
mation and the complement cascade.: plasma proteins
21. 1) resting potential = Na+ ions outside while K+ ions inside
2) depolarization = Na+ channels open & Na+ comes in; cell becomes more
positive (meets threshold of -55 mV to fire)
3) repolarization = K+ channels open & K+ goes out; cell becomes more
negative
4) undershoot = cell goes below resting potential; K+ channels are slow to
close
5) return to resting potential = both channels close; Na+ & K+ pumps restore
concentration gradient: action potential stages
22. pH 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 35-45
HCO3 22-26
ROME- Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal: ABG interpretation
2/9
1. 135-145: Na normal lab value
2. 3.5-5.0: K normal lab value
3. 1.3-2.1 mEq/L: Mg normal lab value
4. 8.5-10.5 mg/dL: Calcium normal lab value
5. excessive thirst, increased urination, muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness,
irregular heartbeat, constipation, abdominal cramping: Abnormal signs and
symptoms of K
6. muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, numbness/tin-
gling, mental symptoms, insomnia: Abnormal signs and symptoms of Mg
7. converting a strong acid or base to a weak one: Acid-base buffer systems
minimize pH changes by
8. Type 1: Immunoglobulin IgE mediated reactions(allergic reaction), rapid
time frame, ex peanut allergy
Type 2: tissue specific, activates complement cascade/phagocytosis, body
attacks healthy RBC thinking they are foreign, ex graves, hep induced throm-
bocytopenia
Type 3: immune complexes formed in circulation and deposited into cell wall
and cause tissue damage , ex is rayanuds
Type 4: delayed sensitivity, only type that is mediated by T lymphocytes and
do not involve antibodies, ex contact sensitivity to poison ivy, latex, mycobac-
terial infection: Types of hypersensitivity reactions
9. baby born before 37 weeks gestation, causes: maternal age, multiple preg-
nancies, uterine or cervical abnormalities, infections/chronic conditions. Clin-
ical findings of premature babies: low birth weight, jaundice, feeding difficul-
ties: Prematurity
10. babies born before 28 weeks, caused by lack of surfactant, characterized
by shallow rapid breathing(grunting), males are more prone: RDS (respiratory
distress syndrome)
11. babies born before 32 weeks, caused by damage and inflammation to
intestinal tissues, characterized by bloody stools and distended abdomen.
Risk factors: low birth weight, formula feedings: NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis)
12. common between 1-4 months of age, most frequent death for child 2
weeks-1 year, can occur from sleeping on soft surface, occurs in boys more
often than girls: SIDS(sudden infant death syndrome)
13. Caused by a lack of genetic material in the 15 pair of chromosomes. Usually
inherited from the father. The leading genetic cause of obesity. The degree
of mental retardation varies, but is usually in the mild range. Students with
Prader-Willi syndrome can be rigid and oppositional. They do not respond
well to sudden changes in their routine. It can also result in low muscle tone,
1/9
, NURS 6111 Exam 1
short stature, incomplete sexual development, cognitive disabilities, problem
behaviors, and a chronic feeling of hunger that can lead to excessive eating
and life-threatening obesity.: Prader-Willi Syndrome
14. caused by missing piece of chromosome 22, affects the heart, immune sys-
tem, parathyroid glands, can be inherited from parents, DGS triad: conotruncal
cardiac anomalies, hypoplastic thymus, and hypocalcemia. can cause cleft lip,
hearing loss, learning difficulties: DiGeorge Syndrome
15. inhibit the passage of alien substances that attempt to enter the circulatory
system. mucosal immunity: Function of IgA antibody
16. protect against parasitic invasions and supervise allergic reactions: func-
tion of IgE antibody
17. -Long-term immunity
-protection of newborns during the first 6 months of life: Function of IgG
antibody
18. Activated complement system (classical pathway)
Agglutinate microorganism: Function of IgM antibody
19. can lead to the patient developing antibodies that fight against the IgA
causing a transfusion reaction: Why can select IgA deficiency lead to a blood
transfusion reaction?
20. albumin, fibrinogen, globulins. Proteins function to control oncotic pres-
sure, transport substances (hemoglobin, lipids, calcium), and promote inflam-
mation and the complement cascade.: plasma proteins
21. 1) resting potential = Na+ ions outside while K+ ions inside
2) depolarization = Na+ channels open & Na+ comes in; cell becomes more
positive (meets threshold of -55 mV to fire)
3) repolarization = K+ channels open & K+ goes out; cell becomes more
negative
4) undershoot = cell goes below resting potential; K+ channels are slow to
close
5) return to resting potential = both channels close; Na+ & K+ pumps restore
concentration gradient: action potential stages
22. pH 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 35-45
HCO3 22-26
ROME- Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal: ABG interpretation
2/9
