PHARMACOLOGY CHAPTERS 1-13
LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025
,PHARMACOLOGY CHAPTERS 1-13
LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025
Pharmacotherapy and the pregnant patient - CORRECT ANSWERSo Physiological changes during
pregnancy can alter normal pharmacokinetic responses.
o During pregnancy increased levels of progesterone cause a delay in gastric emptying and GI motility.
This causes the drugs to remain in the GI tract longer leading to higher drug absorption of oral drugs.
o Distribution of drugs during pregnancy is affected by changes in total body water, which may increase
by over 50%. This creates greater dilution of plasma proteins causing more free drugs in the plasma due
to lack of binding sites. This then results in more drug molecules being available for transfer across the
placenta or to be secreted in breast milk.
o Metabolism is least affected by pregnancy.
o Excretion can cause doses of medications to be adjusted due to enhanced renal plasma flow which can
increase 50% to 70% during the first two trimesters.
Drug - CORRECT ANSWERSAny substance that is taken to cure, or reduce symptoms of a medical
condition.
Pharmacology - CORRECT ANSWERSThe study of medicine.
Pharmacotherapy/Pharmacotherapeutics - CORRECT ANSWERSApplication of drugs for the purpose of
disease prevention and treatment of suffering.
Indications and Contraindications - CORRECT ANSWERSThe conditions for which a drug is approved are
its indications. Every drug has at least one indication. Some drugs are used for conditions for which they
have not been approved; these are called unlabeled or off- label indications.
Therapeutic classification - CORRECT ANSWERS-Based on their usefulness in treating a specific disease
-The key to therapeutic classification is to simply state what condition is being treated by the particular
drug.
-The prefix anti- refers to therapeutic classification.
, Pharmacologic Classification - CORRECT ANSWERS-Addresses a drugs mechanism of action or how a
drug produces its effect in the body.
-More specific than therapeutic
-Requires biochemistry and pathophysiology
Chemical name - CORRECT ANSWERS-Assigned using standard nomenclature.
-A drug has only one chemical name
-Helpful in predicting a drugs physical and chemical properties.
Generic name - CORRECT ANSWERSName assigned by the United States Adopted Name Council.
Less complicated and easy to remember.
Trade Name - CORRECT ANSWERSSometimes called the proprietary product, or brand name is assigned
by the pharmaceutical company maketing the drug.
Exclusivity - CORRECT ANSWERSTypical length of exclusivity for a new drug is 5 years.
Combination drug - CORRECT ANSWERSDrugs with more than one active generic ingredient.
Pros and Cons of Generic Drugs - CORRECT ANSWERSGeneric drugs are less expensive than brand name
drugs, by they may differ in bioavailability. (The rate at which drug produces its effect.)
The nurses responsibility for knowledge in regards to pharmacotherapeutics... - CORRECT ANSWERSIs
what drug is ordered including name and drug classification, intended or proposed used, effects on the
body, contraindications, special considerations (how age, weight, body fat distribution, and
pathophysiologic states affect pharmacotheraputic response), expected and potential adverse events,
why the drug was prescribed how the drug is supplied by the pharmacy, administration of the drug, and
what considerations apply to the patient.
The major goal to study pharmacology... - CORRECT ANSWERSis to eliminate medication errors and to
limit the number and severity of adverse drug events.
LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025
,PHARMACOLOGY CHAPTERS 1-13
LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025
Pharmacotherapy and the pregnant patient - CORRECT ANSWERSo Physiological changes during
pregnancy can alter normal pharmacokinetic responses.
o During pregnancy increased levels of progesterone cause a delay in gastric emptying and GI motility.
This causes the drugs to remain in the GI tract longer leading to higher drug absorption of oral drugs.
o Distribution of drugs during pregnancy is affected by changes in total body water, which may increase
by over 50%. This creates greater dilution of plasma proteins causing more free drugs in the plasma due
to lack of binding sites. This then results in more drug molecules being available for transfer across the
placenta or to be secreted in breast milk.
o Metabolism is least affected by pregnancy.
o Excretion can cause doses of medications to be adjusted due to enhanced renal plasma flow which can
increase 50% to 70% during the first two trimesters.
Drug - CORRECT ANSWERSAny substance that is taken to cure, or reduce symptoms of a medical
condition.
Pharmacology - CORRECT ANSWERSThe study of medicine.
Pharmacotherapy/Pharmacotherapeutics - CORRECT ANSWERSApplication of drugs for the purpose of
disease prevention and treatment of suffering.
Indications and Contraindications - CORRECT ANSWERSThe conditions for which a drug is approved are
its indications. Every drug has at least one indication. Some drugs are used for conditions for which they
have not been approved; these are called unlabeled or off- label indications.
Therapeutic classification - CORRECT ANSWERS-Based on their usefulness in treating a specific disease
-The key to therapeutic classification is to simply state what condition is being treated by the particular
drug.
-The prefix anti- refers to therapeutic classification.
, Pharmacologic Classification - CORRECT ANSWERS-Addresses a drugs mechanism of action or how a
drug produces its effect in the body.
-More specific than therapeutic
-Requires biochemistry and pathophysiology
Chemical name - CORRECT ANSWERS-Assigned using standard nomenclature.
-A drug has only one chemical name
-Helpful in predicting a drugs physical and chemical properties.
Generic name - CORRECT ANSWERSName assigned by the United States Adopted Name Council.
Less complicated and easy to remember.
Trade Name - CORRECT ANSWERSSometimes called the proprietary product, or brand name is assigned
by the pharmaceutical company maketing the drug.
Exclusivity - CORRECT ANSWERSTypical length of exclusivity for a new drug is 5 years.
Combination drug - CORRECT ANSWERSDrugs with more than one active generic ingredient.
Pros and Cons of Generic Drugs - CORRECT ANSWERSGeneric drugs are less expensive than brand name
drugs, by they may differ in bioavailability. (The rate at which drug produces its effect.)
The nurses responsibility for knowledge in regards to pharmacotherapeutics... - CORRECT ANSWERSIs
what drug is ordered including name and drug classification, intended or proposed used, effects on the
body, contraindications, special considerations (how age, weight, body fat distribution, and
pathophysiologic states affect pharmacotheraputic response), expected and potential adverse events,
why the drug was prescribed how the drug is supplied by the pharmacy, administration of the drug, and
what considerations apply to the patient.
The major goal to study pharmacology... - CORRECT ANSWERSis to eliminate medication errors and to
limit the number and severity of adverse drug events.
