Psych 111- Exam #1- Ch.2 questions
with complete solutions
Hypothesis
Tentative explanation predicting a phenomenon's outcome.
Kitty Genovese Incident
1964 case highlighting bystander apathy in emergencies.
Steps in a Scientific Investigation
1) formulate a hypothesis
2) design the study
3) collect the data
4) analyze the data
5) report the findings
Operational Definition
Specifies procedures for measuring variables.
Emergency Simulation
Controlled setting to study helping behavior.
Theory
, Formal statements explaining relationships among events.
Wallace's Wheel of Science
Illustrates multiple starting points in research.
Descriptive Research: Naturalistic Observation
- observing behaviour of people in a natural environment
- Advantage: provides a rich description of behaviour.
- Disadvantage: does not permit clear casual conclusions.
Descriptive Research: Case Study
In-depth analysis of an individual or event.
- advantages= intensive study or rare phenomenon, source of new ideas. - Disadvantages: cannot
determine cause and effect of relations, generalizability questionable researcher bias.
Descriptive Research: Survey Method
Collects data via questionnaires or interviews.
Experimental Research
Manipulates variables to determine cause-effect relationships.
Control Group
Group not exposed to experimental treatment.
with complete solutions
Hypothesis
Tentative explanation predicting a phenomenon's outcome.
Kitty Genovese Incident
1964 case highlighting bystander apathy in emergencies.
Steps in a Scientific Investigation
1) formulate a hypothesis
2) design the study
3) collect the data
4) analyze the data
5) report the findings
Operational Definition
Specifies procedures for measuring variables.
Emergency Simulation
Controlled setting to study helping behavior.
Theory
, Formal statements explaining relationships among events.
Wallace's Wheel of Science
Illustrates multiple starting points in research.
Descriptive Research: Naturalistic Observation
- observing behaviour of people in a natural environment
- Advantage: provides a rich description of behaviour.
- Disadvantage: does not permit clear casual conclusions.
Descriptive Research: Case Study
In-depth analysis of an individual or event.
- advantages= intensive study or rare phenomenon, source of new ideas. - Disadvantages: cannot
determine cause and effect of relations, generalizability questionable researcher bias.
Descriptive Research: Survey Method
Collects data via questionnaires or interviews.
Experimental Research
Manipulates variables to determine cause-effect relationships.
Control Group
Group not exposed to experimental treatment.
