©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
NSG 349 Exam 2 Questions With Correct
Answers
How to calculate blood pressure - answer✔cardiac output x systemic vascular resistance= BP
why is hypertension usually called the silent killer - answer✔usually asymptomatic unless a
hypertensive emergency
drugs that decrease cardiac output - answer✔SV: diuretics, ACE inhibitors, vasodilators
SV/HR: beta blockers, non-dihydropyredines (decrease pre load)
drugs that decrease SVR - answer✔dyhydropyredines CCBs, alpha-1 adrenogenic blockers, ACE
inhibitors, ARBS, vasodilators, alpha 2 adrenergic agonists (decrease afterload)
hypertension emergency - answer✔>160/100
HTN increases risk for - answer✔stroke, heart failure, aneurysms, renal failure, hypertensive
retinopathies
risk factors for HTN - answer✔obesity, stress, high sodium diet, advanced age, genetic factors,
race, sedentary lifestyle, comoribidities (secondary BTN): Type 2 diabetes, kidney disease,
pheochromocytoma
diuretic drugs funtion - answer✔accelerate the rate of urine formation, removal of sodium and
water, ostly used in treatment of HTN, HF and RF
types of diuretics - answer✔- loop diuretics
- potassium-sparing diuretics
- thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics
- osmotic diuretics
which diuretics are most powerful - answer✔loop diuretics
1|Page
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
which type of diuretics are used to treat HTN, HF, and RF - answer✔loop, potassium sparing,
thiazide
examples of loop diuretics - answer✔bumetanide (Bumex)
furosemide (Lasix)
torsemide (Demadex)
indication for loop diuretics - answer✔HTN, heart failure, edema
contraindications for loop diuretics - answer✔hypokalemia, severe renal disease
adverse reactions loop diuretics - answer✔dizziness, tinnitus, hypokalemia, decreased renal
function
- most common are fluid volume loss and hypokalemia
nursing implications for loop diuretics - answer✔- monitor for therapeutic effects and adverse
reactions
- monitor for hypokalemia and replace potassium
- I and O
- monitor weight and electrolyte
- VS (especially BP)
- take in morning (WILL URINATE FREQUENTLY)
potassium sparing diuretics (weak diuretics) examples - answer✔spironolactone (aldactone)
potassium sparing diuretics (weak diuretics) - answer✔holds on to potassium
potassium sparing diuretics (weak diuretics) is usually adjunct to - answer✔loop diuretics
indication for potassium sparing diuretics - answer✔hypertension, reversing potassium loss,
certain causes of HF
MOA potassium sparing diuretics - answer✔block aldosterone receptors (aldosterone saves
sodium and kicks potassium)
contraindications for potassium sparing diuretics - answer✔allergy, hyperkalemia, severe renal
disease
2|Page
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
adverse reactions potassium sparing diuretics - answer✔dizziness, urinary frequency,
hyperkalemia, gynecomastia
nursing implications potassium sparing diuretics - answer✔- monitor for effects
- monitor for hyperkalemia
- I and O
- monitor weight and electrolyte status
- VS- BP
- take in morning
- Interactions with: lithium, ACE inhibitors, potassium supplements- will increase K
thiazide examples - answer✔hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrex, Hydrodiuril)
chlorothiazide (Diuril)
thiazide-like examples - answer✔metolazone (Mykrox, Zaroxolyn)
indication for thiazide/thiazide-like - answer✔HTN, synergistic with loop, edema, heart failure
MOA thiazide/thiazide-like - answer✔lowered peripheral resistance, decreases preload,
depletion of sodium and water and potassium
contraindications thiazide/thiazide-like - answer✔allergy, hypokalemia, severe renal disease
adverse reactions thiazide/thiazide-like - answer✔dizziness, hypokalemia
nursing implications thiazide/thiazide-like - answer✔- monitor for effects
- monitor for hypokalemia and replace if needed
- I and O
- monitor weight and electrolyte status
- VS- BP
- take in morning
osmotic diuretics examples - answer✔Mannitol (Osmitrol)
indication for osmotic diuretics - answer✔cerebral edema, reduces intraocular pressure
3|Page
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
NSG 349 Exam 2 Questions With Correct
Answers
How to calculate blood pressure - answer✔cardiac output x systemic vascular resistance= BP
why is hypertension usually called the silent killer - answer✔usually asymptomatic unless a
hypertensive emergency
drugs that decrease cardiac output - answer✔SV: diuretics, ACE inhibitors, vasodilators
SV/HR: beta blockers, non-dihydropyredines (decrease pre load)
drugs that decrease SVR - answer✔dyhydropyredines CCBs, alpha-1 adrenogenic blockers, ACE
inhibitors, ARBS, vasodilators, alpha 2 adrenergic agonists (decrease afterload)
hypertension emergency - answer✔>160/100
HTN increases risk for - answer✔stroke, heart failure, aneurysms, renal failure, hypertensive
retinopathies
risk factors for HTN - answer✔obesity, stress, high sodium diet, advanced age, genetic factors,
race, sedentary lifestyle, comoribidities (secondary BTN): Type 2 diabetes, kidney disease,
pheochromocytoma
diuretic drugs funtion - answer✔accelerate the rate of urine formation, removal of sodium and
water, ostly used in treatment of HTN, HF and RF
types of diuretics - answer✔- loop diuretics
- potassium-sparing diuretics
- thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics
- osmotic diuretics
which diuretics are most powerful - answer✔loop diuretics
1|Page
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
which type of diuretics are used to treat HTN, HF, and RF - answer✔loop, potassium sparing,
thiazide
examples of loop diuretics - answer✔bumetanide (Bumex)
furosemide (Lasix)
torsemide (Demadex)
indication for loop diuretics - answer✔HTN, heart failure, edema
contraindications for loop diuretics - answer✔hypokalemia, severe renal disease
adverse reactions loop diuretics - answer✔dizziness, tinnitus, hypokalemia, decreased renal
function
- most common are fluid volume loss and hypokalemia
nursing implications for loop diuretics - answer✔- monitor for therapeutic effects and adverse
reactions
- monitor for hypokalemia and replace potassium
- I and O
- monitor weight and electrolyte
- VS (especially BP)
- take in morning (WILL URINATE FREQUENTLY)
potassium sparing diuretics (weak diuretics) examples - answer✔spironolactone (aldactone)
potassium sparing diuretics (weak diuretics) - answer✔holds on to potassium
potassium sparing diuretics (weak diuretics) is usually adjunct to - answer✔loop diuretics
indication for potassium sparing diuretics - answer✔hypertension, reversing potassium loss,
certain causes of HF
MOA potassium sparing diuretics - answer✔block aldosterone receptors (aldosterone saves
sodium and kicks potassium)
contraindications for potassium sparing diuretics - answer✔allergy, hyperkalemia, severe renal
disease
2|Page
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
adverse reactions potassium sparing diuretics - answer✔dizziness, urinary frequency,
hyperkalemia, gynecomastia
nursing implications potassium sparing diuretics - answer✔- monitor for effects
- monitor for hyperkalemia
- I and O
- monitor weight and electrolyte status
- VS- BP
- take in morning
- Interactions with: lithium, ACE inhibitors, potassium supplements- will increase K
thiazide examples - answer✔hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrex, Hydrodiuril)
chlorothiazide (Diuril)
thiazide-like examples - answer✔metolazone (Mykrox, Zaroxolyn)
indication for thiazide/thiazide-like - answer✔HTN, synergistic with loop, edema, heart failure
MOA thiazide/thiazide-like - answer✔lowered peripheral resistance, decreases preload,
depletion of sodium and water and potassium
contraindications thiazide/thiazide-like - answer✔allergy, hypokalemia, severe renal disease
adverse reactions thiazide/thiazide-like - answer✔dizziness, hypokalemia
nursing implications thiazide/thiazide-like - answer✔- monitor for effects
- monitor for hypokalemia and replace if needed
- I and O
- monitor weight and electrolyte status
- VS- BP
- take in morning
osmotic diuretics examples - answer✔Mannitol (Osmitrol)
indication for osmotic diuretics - answer✔cerebral edema, reduces intraocular pressure
3|Page
