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<RECENT UPDATE>
Drugs that cause Ototoxicity - ANSWER ✔ Aspirin
Gentamycin
Aminoglycosides (end in mycin)
Loop Diuretics
Chloroquine, Quinidine
Macular degeneration - ANSWER ✔ loss of central vision over time, (big blotch
on eyeball)
Glaucoma - ANSWER ✔ Loss of peripheral vision
Open angel glaucoma - ANSWER ✔ slow, non-painful, notching of optic cup,
diminished night vision
Treat: topical beta blocker, pilocarpine
Angel-closure glaucoma - ANSWER ✔ Unilateral, painful, rapid peripheral to
central vision loss
EMERGENCY
Pharyngitis - ANSWER ✔ MUST TREAT to prevent scarlet
fever/nephritis/rheumatic heart disease
Test: Rapid strep w/ centor criteria (fever, absence of cough, cervical adenopathy)
Acute Epiglottitis - ANSWER ✔ Test: Neck xray w/THUMB sign
Tx: High dose steroids, protect airway
,Mono - ANSWER ✔ from EBV, transmitted via saliva, no contact sports due to
possible splenomegaly
Test: Monospot blood test
Tx: symptom management
Meniere's disease - ANSWER ✔ Peripheral vertigo
lasts hours w/tinnitus, n/v
Tx: PT/OT, Antihistamines (MECLIZINE), Anticholinergics (SCOPOLAMINE)
Benign positional vertigo - ANSWER ✔ peripheral vertigo
Lasts minutes, + for nystagmus w/head changes
No changes in hearing
Central vertigo - ANSWER ✔ From hemorrhagic/ischemic insults to the
cerebellum
scabies - ANSWER ✔ infestation of the skin where mites burrow and cause itching
and pimple like skin rash
treatment of scabies - ANSWER ✔ "scabicides"
Permethrin cream "Nix" 5% --lotion that goes over whole body and can be washed
8-14 hrs after application
hepatitis A - ANSWER ✔ fecal oral transmission (usually through contaminated
food or water)
hepatitis B - ANSWER ✔ transmitted through blood and bodily fluids (sex, IV
drug use, mother to child)
hepatitis D can only exist w hepatitis B
hepatitis C - ANSWER ✔ transmitted through blood and bodily fluids (most
commonly through IV drug use)
cheilosis - ANSWER ✔ inflammation of lips that causes cracking, fissures, and
ulceration at the corners of the mouth
, pernicious anemia - ANSWER ✔ vitamin B12 deficiency caused by lack of
intrinsic factor, inadequate intake, decreased absorption, and inadequate utilization
vitamin b12 - ANSWER ✔ found in fish, meat, and dairy products
symptoms of pernicious anemia - ANSWER ✔ beefy red tongue
diarrhea or constipation
pale skin
lightheadedness
shortness of breath on exercise
treatment of pernicious anemia - ANSWER ✔ parenteral cyanocobalamin (vit
B12) injections
oral not recommended bc poor absorption due to lack of intrinsic factor
spinal stenosis s/s - ANSWER ✔ aching, numbness, tingling, or cramping that
radiates towards legs and is often relieved with lumbar flexion (or leaning forward)
Ankalosing Spondylitis - ANSWER ✔ arthritis that causes inflammation of joints
and ligaments of spine or in peripheral joints
can cause loss of mobility in spine (or fusion of spinal cord)
Ankalosing Spondylitis s/s - ANSWER ✔ lower back pain and/or hip pain and
stiffness
pain may worsen when sitting or not moving
spinal stenosis - ANSWER ✔ caused by spinal cord compression in the lower
back or neck
cauda equina syndrome - ANSWER ✔ dysfunction (often compression) of the
lumbar and sacral nerves
cauda equina s/s - ANSWER ✔ urinary retention or incontinence
"saddle" anesthesia (can't feel buttock region)
weakness of lower extremities
, pain down back and legs
thorasic duct - ANSWER ✔ drains lymph from lower extremities, pelvis,
abdomen, left side of thorax, left upper extremity, left side of head and neck
right lymphatic duct - ANSWER ✔ drains right upper quadrant of body including
right arm, right thorax, and right side of head and neck
pleural effusion - ANSWER ✔ fluid in the pleural cavity (fluid around lungs)
positive McMurrays test - ANSWER ✔ indicates a meniscus tear
Trichomoniasis s/s - ANSWER ✔ foul smelling vaginal discharge, itching, painful
urintation
single dose drug of choice for chlamydia - ANSWER ✔ 1000mg (1g)
azrythromycin
treatment for chlamydia - ANSWER ✔ 100mg doxycycline for 7 days
alpha adrenergic antagonist - ANSWER ✔ relaxes muscle tissue in vessles and
prostate helping with urine outflow
ex. Doxazosin or Prazosin
Macule - ANSWER ✔ flat, <1cm, circumscribed
(freckle)
Patch - ANSWER ✔ >1cm, flat, circumscribed
(Mongolian spot, vitiligo)
plaque - ANSWER ✔ flat elevation of skin
>5mm
(psoriasis)
nodule - ANSWER ✔ elevated, solid, >1cm
encapsulated
fluid-filled, under skin