CHEM 121 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE SOLUTIONS UPDATED

CHEM 121 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE SOLUTIONS UPDATED kinetic molecular theory - ANSWER-all matter is made of tiny particles that are constantly moving fundamental particle - ANSWER-take a macroscopic object and divide it repeatedly. Eventually you have a particle, which, if further divided is no longer the original substance. This smallest piece of the substance is called... h2o molecule - ANSWER-the fundamental particle of water is what? atom - ANSWER-the basic unit of a chemical element molecule - ANSWER-two or more atoms (same or different) chemically bound element - ANSWER-fundamental particle contains only one kind of atom compound - ANSWER-two or more different kinds of atoms chemically bound the same - ANSWER-in a pure substance, all the fundamental particles are what? solution - ANSWER-mixture that is uniform throughout density - ANSWER-= mass / volume Copyright ©SOPHIABENNETT 2025 ACADEMIC YEARALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 2/10 atomic number - ANSWER-number of protons in the nucleus, defines the element mass number - ANSWER-equal to the sum of protons and neutrons isotope - ANSWER-what results when you change the number of neutrons in an element? atomic mass - ANSWER-weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of an element, gives the mass of one atom of the element alkali metals - ANSWER-group 1 on periodic table alkali earth - ANSWER-group 2 on periodic table halogens - ANSWER-group 17 on periodic table properties of metals - ANSWER-good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, often shiny, tend to lose electrons in chemical change properties of non metals - ANSWER-poor conductors of heat and electricity, not ductile, not malleable, gain electrons in chemical change avagadros number - ANSWER-6.022 x 10^23 ionic bond - ANSWER-bond between a nonmetal and a metal covalent bond - ANSWER-bond between 2 or more nonmetals Copyright ©SOPHIABENNETT 2025 ACADEMIC YEARALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 3/10 naming covalent compounds - ANSWER-first element is given its element name, second suffix replaced by "ide", USE GREEK PREFIXES naming ionic compounds - ANSWER-name the metal, if the metal has an uncommon charge, indicate the charge with roman numerals, change nonmetal suffix to "ide", if polyatomic ion just name them properties of ionic compounds - ANSWER-crystalline, hard, brittle, high melt point, insulators as solid, but conductors in solution or when melted percent composition - ANSWER-mass of element / total mass of compound x 100 ionic - ANSWER-which type of compound completely dissociates in water to form electrolytes? empirical formula - ANSWER-uses the simplest integers to represent the ratio of atoms in a compound molecular formula - ANSWER-shows the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule of a compound precipitate - ANSWER-when we mix solutions of soluble ionic compounds we might form an insoluble ionic compound. If so, this compound falls out of the solution as a solid what? acid - ANSWER-any chemical that releases H+ in water base - ANSWER-any chemical that releases OH- in water Copyright ©SOPHIABENNETT 2025 ACADEMIC YEARALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 4/10 hydronium ion - ANSWER-acids are H+ donors; H3O+ IS WHAT? arrhenius acid - ANSWER-substance that when added to water increases the concentration of H+ ions present dissociate completely - ANSWER-strong acids do what in water? dissociate partially - ANSWER-weak acids do what in water? water and a salt - ANSWER-the products of an acid-base reaction will always be what? molarity - ANSWER-moles of solute per liter of solution (M= mol/L)