2024 EMT TRAUMA FISDAP EXAM
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
Treatment for a patient with full-thickness burns - CORRECT-
ANSWERSHigh-flow oxygen; dry, sterile dressings; thermal management
(keep patient warm); provide rapid transport
What should you do if there is a major hemorrhage in a patient? -
CORRECT-ANSWERSApply a proximal tourniquet to stop the bleeding
immediately. Then turn to patient's airway and breathing status (CAB)
Mottling - CORRECT-ANSWERSOccurs when skin takes on a blotched
purple appearance and is a sign of shock (hypoperfusion)
Neurogenic shock S/S - CORRECT-ANSWERSInterruption of nervous
system's control over the diameter of the blood vessels. Blood vessels
dilate, patient's blood pressure falls, and bradycardic
Control for any open injury: - CORRECT-ANSWERScontrolling external
bleeding, then manually stabilizing the injury site, applying a sterile
dressing and assessing distal perfusion and pulse, motor and sensory
functions (PMS), then stabilizing the injury with an appropriate splint.
How do you care for a partially amputated extremity? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSControl bleeding with bulky compression (pressure) dressings
and splint extremity to prevent further injury
Injury to the cervical spine from a hanging occurs through - CORRECT-
ANSWERSdistraction, or stretching, of the vertebrae and spinal cord
Hematoma - CORRECT-ANSWERSLarger blood vessels are ruptured and
the internal bleeding forms a 'lump'
subcutaneous emphysema (crepitus) - CORRECT-ANSWERSAir escapes
into the tissues, dissects fascial planes under the skin and accumulates
making areas appear puffy. Slight finger pressure produces a crackling
sound and feel. Lightly dot the area
tension pneumothorax - CORRECT-ANSWERSAir fills the pleural space and
progressively collapses the lung. In the process, the vena cavae are
compressed and blood return to the heart is reduced (clinically
manifesting in JVD as blood backs up into systemic venous system)
, What is a subluxation - CORRECT-ANSWERSa partial or incomplete
dislocation; this is an injury, not an injury mechanism
Injuries related to Hyperextension mechanisms - CORRECT-
ANSWERSPatients who strike their head on the windshield during a mvc
Axial Loading MOI - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe spinal column is compressed
vertically; injuries after diving head first into shallow water and lumbar
spine injuries after a fall from a significant height and landing feet first
What does cold, pale skin and an absent distal pulse indicate in a limb? -
CORRECT-ANSWERSIndicates that blood flow distal to the injury is
compromised
How do you make one attempt to restore distal circulation? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSBy applying gentle manual traction in line with the long axis of
the limb
What can you do to a limb after distal circulation is restored? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSSplint the limb in whatever position allows the strongest distal
pulse, elevate limb above level of the heart to help minimize swelling, and
an icepack may also help reduce pain and swelling
What is a flail chest? - CORRECT-ANSWERSOccurs when several ribs are
fractured in more than one place; the result is a free-floating section of
ribs (flail segment) that collapses during inhalation and bulges out during
exhalation (paradoxical chest movement)
What happens as the flail segment (flail chest) collapses? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSThe lung is compressed and ventilation is impaired. Treatment
should include PPV and prompt transport.
12 Injuries or clinical findings that warrant transport to a high level trauma
center: - CORRECT-ANSWERS-GCS equal or less than 13 after trauma
-systolic BP less than 90 mm Hg
-Resp. rate less than 10 or greater than 29 breaths/min
-need for ventilatory support
-all penetrating injuries to the head, neck, torso or extremities proximal to
the knee or elbow
-chest wall instability or deformity (flail chest)
-two or more proximal long bone fractures
-a crushed, degloved, mangled or pulseless extremity
-amputation proximal to the ankle or wrist
-pelvic fractures
-open or depressed skull fracture
-paralysis
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
Treatment for a patient with full-thickness burns - CORRECT-
ANSWERSHigh-flow oxygen; dry, sterile dressings; thermal management
(keep patient warm); provide rapid transport
What should you do if there is a major hemorrhage in a patient? -
CORRECT-ANSWERSApply a proximal tourniquet to stop the bleeding
immediately. Then turn to patient's airway and breathing status (CAB)
Mottling - CORRECT-ANSWERSOccurs when skin takes on a blotched
purple appearance and is a sign of shock (hypoperfusion)
Neurogenic shock S/S - CORRECT-ANSWERSInterruption of nervous
system's control over the diameter of the blood vessels. Blood vessels
dilate, patient's blood pressure falls, and bradycardic
Control for any open injury: - CORRECT-ANSWERScontrolling external
bleeding, then manually stabilizing the injury site, applying a sterile
dressing and assessing distal perfusion and pulse, motor and sensory
functions (PMS), then stabilizing the injury with an appropriate splint.
How do you care for a partially amputated extremity? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSControl bleeding with bulky compression (pressure) dressings
and splint extremity to prevent further injury
Injury to the cervical spine from a hanging occurs through - CORRECT-
ANSWERSdistraction, or stretching, of the vertebrae and spinal cord
Hematoma - CORRECT-ANSWERSLarger blood vessels are ruptured and
the internal bleeding forms a 'lump'
subcutaneous emphysema (crepitus) - CORRECT-ANSWERSAir escapes
into the tissues, dissects fascial planes under the skin and accumulates
making areas appear puffy. Slight finger pressure produces a crackling
sound and feel. Lightly dot the area
tension pneumothorax - CORRECT-ANSWERSAir fills the pleural space and
progressively collapses the lung. In the process, the vena cavae are
compressed and blood return to the heart is reduced (clinically
manifesting in JVD as blood backs up into systemic venous system)
, What is a subluxation - CORRECT-ANSWERSa partial or incomplete
dislocation; this is an injury, not an injury mechanism
Injuries related to Hyperextension mechanisms - CORRECT-
ANSWERSPatients who strike their head on the windshield during a mvc
Axial Loading MOI - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe spinal column is compressed
vertically; injuries after diving head first into shallow water and lumbar
spine injuries after a fall from a significant height and landing feet first
What does cold, pale skin and an absent distal pulse indicate in a limb? -
CORRECT-ANSWERSIndicates that blood flow distal to the injury is
compromised
How do you make one attempt to restore distal circulation? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSBy applying gentle manual traction in line with the long axis of
the limb
What can you do to a limb after distal circulation is restored? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSSplint the limb in whatever position allows the strongest distal
pulse, elevate limb above level of the heart to help minimize swelling, and
an icepack may also help reduce pain and swelling
What is a flail chest? - CORRECT-ANSWERSOccurs when several ribs are
fractured in more than one place; the result is a free-floating section of
ribs (flail segment) that collapses during inhalation and bulges out during
exhalation (paradoxical chest movement)
What happens as the flail segment (flail chest) collapses? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSThe lung is compressed and ventilation is impaired. Treatment
should include PPV and prompt transport.
12 Injuries or clinical findings that warrant transport to a high level trauma
center: - CORRECT-ANSWERS-GCS equal or less than 13 after trauma
-systolic BP less than 90 mm Hg
-Resp. rate less than 10 or greater than 29 breaths/min
-need for ventilatory support
-all penetrating injuries to the head, neck, torso or extremities proximal to
the knee or elbow
-chest wall instability or deformity (flail chest)
-two or more proximal long bone fractures
-a crushed, degloved, mangled or pulseless extremity
-amputation proximal to the ankle or wrist
-pelvic fractures
-open or depressed skull fracture
-paralysis
