2024 HESI Pharmacology V1
A nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism and notes that the
client's serum
calcium level is 13 mg/dL. Which medication should the nurse prepare to
administer to
prescribed as the client?1. Calcium
chloride
2. Calcium
gluconate
3. Calcitonin
(Miacalcin)
4. Large doses of vitamin D correct answers 3. Calcitonin
(Miacalcin)
Rational
e:
The normal serum calcium level is 8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL. This client is
experiencing
hypercalcemia. Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride are medications
used for the
treatment of tetany, which occurs as a result of acute hypocalcemia. In
hypercalcemia,
large doses of vitamin D need to be avoided. Calcitonin, a thyroid hormone,
decreases
the plasma calcium level by inhibiting bone resorption and lowering the
serum calcium
concentratio
n.
Oral iron supplements are prescribed for a 6-year-old child with iron
deficiency
The anemia. the mother to administer the iron with which best
nurse instructs
food item?
1.
Milk
2.
Water
3. Apple
juice
4. Orange juice correct answers 4. Orange
juice
Rational
e:
Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron by the body. The mother should be
instructed
to administer the medication with a citrus fruit or a juice that is high in
vitamin
may affect
C. Milk
absorption of the iron. Water will not assist in absorption.
Orange juice
contains a greater amount of vitamin C than
apple juice.
Salicylic acid is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of psoriasis. The
nurse
the monitors
client, knowing that which of the following would indicate the presence
of systemic
toxicity from this
1.
medication?
Tinnitus
2.
Diarrhea
3.
Constipation
4. Decreased Respirations correct answers 1.
Tinnitus
Rational
e:
Salicylic acid is absorbed readily through the skin, and systemic toxicity
(salicylism)
result. can include tinnitus, dizziness, hyperpnea, and
Symptoms
disturbances. Constipation and diarrhea are not associated with
psychological
salicylism.
,The camp nurse asks the children preparing to swim in the lake if they
have applied
sunscreen. The nurse reminds the children that chemical sunscreens are
most effective
when
applied:
1. Immediately before
swimming
2. 15 minutes before exposure to
theImmediately
3. sun before exposure to
theAtsun
4. least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun correct answers 4.
At least 30
minutes before exposure to
the sun
Rational
e:
Sunscreens are most effective when applied at least 30 minutes before
exposure
sun so that tothey
the can penetrate the skin. All sunscreens should be
reapplied after
swimming or
sweating
Mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) is prescribed for the client with a burn
injury. When
applying the medication, the client complains of local discomfort and
burning.
the following is of
Which the most appropriate nursing
action?
1. Notifying the registered
nurse
2. Discontinuing the
medication
3. Informing the client that this is
normal
4. Applying a thinner film than prescribed to the burn site correct answers
3. Informing
the client that this is
normal
Rational
e:
Mafenide acetate is bacteriostatic for gram-negative and gram-positive
organisms
is and burns to reduce bacteria present in avascular tissues. The
used to treat
client
be shouldthat the medication will cause local discomfort and burning and
informed
that
normalthisreaction;
is a therefore options 1, 2, and 4 are
incorrect
The burn client is receiving treatments of topical mafenide acetate
(Sulfamylon)
site of injury. toThethenurse monitors the client, knowing that which of the
following
that indicates
a systemic effect has occurred?
1.Hyperventilation
2.Elevated blood
pressure
3.Local pain at the burn
site
4.Local rash at the burn site correct answers
1.Hyperventilation
Rational
e:
Mafenide acetate is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and can suppress renal f
excretion
acid, therebyo causing acidosis. Clients receiving this treatment should be
monitored
signs of anforacid-base imbalance (hyperventilation). If this occurs, the
medication
be discontinuedshouldfor 1 to 2 days. Options 3 and 4 describe local rather than
syeffects.blood
elevated An pressure may be expected from the pain that occurs with a
burn injury.
Isotretinoin is prescribed for a client with severe acne. Before the
administration
medication, theofnurse
this anticipates that which laboratory test will be
prescribed?
1. Platelet
count
,2. Triglyceride
level
3. Complete blood
count
4. White blood cell count correct answers 2.
Triglyceride level
Rational
e:
Isotretinoin can elevate triglyceride levels. Blood triglyceride levels should
be measured
before treatment and periodically thereafter until the effect on the
triglycerides
evaluated. has been
Options 1, 3, and 4 do not need to be monitored specifically
during this
treatme
nt.
A client with severe acne is seen in the clinic and the health care
provider (HCP)
prescribes isotretinoin. The nurse reviews the client's medication record
and would
contact the (HCP) if the client is taking which
medication?
1. Vitamin
A
2. Digoxin
(Lanoxin)
3. Furosemide
(Lasix)
4. Phenytoin (Dilantin) correct answers 1.
Vitamin A
Rational
e:
Isotretinoin is a metabolite of vitamin A and can produce generalized
intensification
isotretinoin of
toxicity. Because of the potential for increased toxicity,
vitamin A
supplements should be discontinued before isotretinoin therapy. Options 2, 3,
and contraindicated
not 4 are with the use of
isotretinoin
The nurse is applying a topical corticosteroid to a client with eczema. The
nurse would
monitor for the potential for increased systemic absorption of the
medication wereif the being applied to which of the following
body
1. areas?
Back
2.
Axilla
3. Soles of the
4. Palms of the hands correct answers 2.
feet
Axilla
Rational
e:
Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed into the systemic circulation.
Absorption
higher fromisregions where the skin is especially permeable (scalp, axilla,
face, eyelids,
neck, perineum, genitalia), and lower from regions in which permeability is
poor (back,
palms,
soles).
The clinic nurse is performing an admission assessment on a client. The
nursethe
that notes
client is taking azelaic acid (Azelex). Because of the medication
prescription,
the nurse would suspect that the client is being
treated for:
1.
Acne
2.
Eczema
3. Hair
loss
4. Herpes simplex correct answers 1.
Acne
, Rational
e:
Azelaic acid is a topical medication used to treat mild to moderate
acne. The
appears toacid
work by suppressing the growth of Propionibacterium acnes and
decreasing
the proliferation of keratinocytes. Options 2, 3, and 4 are
incorrect.
The health care provider has prescribed silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) for the
client
a with
partial-thickness burn, which has cultured positive for gram-negative
bacteria.
nurse The
is reinforcing information to the client about the medication. Which
statement
made by the client indicates a lack of understanding about the
treatments?
1. "The medication is an
antibacterial."
2. "The medication will help heal the
burn."
3. "The medication will permanently stain
my"The
4. skin."
medication should be applied directly to the wound." correct
answers 3. "The
medication will permanently stain my
skin."
Rational
e:
Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) is an antibacterial that has a broad spectrum
of activity
against gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, and yeast. It is
applied
to directly
the wound to assist in healing. It does not stain
the skin.
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving an intravenous (IV)
infusion of an medication. During the infusion, the client complains of
antineoplastic
pain at the
insertion site. During an inspection of the site, the nurse notes redness and
swelling
that and of infusion of the medication has slowed. The nurse should
the rate
take which
appropriate
action?
1. Notify the registered
nurse.
2. Administer pain medication to reduce the
discomfort.
3. Apply ice and maintain the infusion rate, as
prescribed.
4. Elevate the extremity of the IV site, and slow the infusion correct
answers
the 1. Notify
registered
nurse.
Rational
e:
When antineoplastic medications (Chemotherapeutic Agents) are
administered
great care mustviabe
IV,taken to prevent the medication from escaping into
the tissues the injection site, because pain, tissue damage, and necrosis
surrounding
can result.
The nurse monitors for signs of extravasation, such as redness or
swelling at
insertion site
the
and a decreased infusion rate. If extravasation occurs, the
registered
nurse needs to be notified; he or she will then contact the health
care provider.
The client with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx is receiving
bleomycin
intravenously. The nurse caring for the client anticipates that which
diagnostic study will
be
prescribed?
1.
Echocardiography
2.
Electrocardiography
3. Cervical
radiography
4. Pulmonary function studies correct answers 4. Pulmonary
function studies
A nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism and notes that the
client's serum
calcium level is 13 mg/dL. Which medication should the nurse prepare to
administer to
prescribed as the client?1. Calcium
chloride
2. Calcium
gluconate
3. Calcitonin
(Miacalcin)
4. Large doses of vitamin D correct answers 3. Calcitonin
(Miacalcin)
Rational
e:
The normal serum calcium level is 8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL. This client is
experiencing
hypercalcemia. Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride are medications
used for the
treatment of tetany, which occurs as a result of acute hypocalcemia. In
hypercalcemia,
large doses of vitamin D need to be avoided. Calcitonin, a thyroid hormone,
decreases
the plasma calcium level by inhibiting bone resorption and lowering the
serum calcium
concentratio
n.
Oral iron supplements are prescribed for a 6-year-old child with iron
deficiency
The anemia. the mother to administer the iron with which best
nurse instructs
food item?
1.
Milk
2.
Water
3. Apple
juice
4. Orange juice correct answers 4. Orange
juice
Rational
e:
Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron by the body. The mother should be
instructed
to administer the medication with a citrus fruit or a juice that is high in
vitamin
may affect
C. Milk
absorption of the iron. Water will not assist in absorption.
Orange juice
contains a greater amount of vitamin C than
apple juice.
Salicylic acid is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of psoriasis. The
nurse
the monitors
client, knowing that which of the following would indicate the presence
of systemic
toxicity from this
1.
medication?
Tinnitus
2.
Diarrhea
3.
Constipation
4. Decreased Respirations correct answers 1.
Tinnitus
Rational
e:
Salicylic acid is absorbed readily through the skin, and systemic toxicity
(salicylism)
result. can include tinnitus, dizziness, hyperpnea, and
Symptoms
disturbances. Constipation and diarrhea are not associated with
psychological
salicylism.
,The camp nurse asks the children preparing to swim in the lake if they
have applied
sunscreen. The nurse reminds the children that chemical sunscreens are
most effective
when
applied:
1. Immediately before
swimming
2. 15 minutes before exposure to
theImmediately
3. sun before exposure to
theAtsun
4. least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun correct answers 4.
At least 30
minutes before exposure to
the sun
Rational
e:
Sunscreens are most effective when applied at least 30 minutes before
exposure
sun so that tothey
the can penetrate the skin. All sunscreens should be
reapplied after
swimming or
sweating
Mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) is prescribed for the client with a burn
injury. When
applying the medication, the client complains of local discomfort and
burning.
the following is of
Which the most appropriate nursing
action?
1. Notifying the registered
nurse
2. Discontinuing the
medication
3. Informing the client that this is
normal
4. Applying a thinner film than prescribed to the burn site correct answers
3. Informing
the client that this is
normal
Rational
e:
Mafenide acetate is bacteriostatic for gram-negative and gram-positive
organisms
is and burns to reduce bacteria present in avascular tissues. The
used to treat
client
be shouldthat the medication will cause local discomfort and burning and
informed
that
normalthisreaction;
is a therefore options 1, 2, and 4 are
incorrect
The burn client is receiving treatments of topical mafenide acetate
(Sulfamylon)
site of injury. toThethenurse monitors the client, knowing that which of the
following
that indicates
a systemic effect has occurred?
1.Hyperventilation
2.Elevated blood
pressure
3.Local pain at the burn
site
4.Local rash at the burn site correct answers
1.Hyperventilation
Rational
e:
Mafenide acetate is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and can suppress renal f
excretion
acid, therebyo causing acidosis. Clients receiving this treatment should be
monitored
signs of anforacid-base imbalance (hyperventilation). If this occurs, the
medication
be discontinuedshouldfor 1 to 2 days. Options 3 and 4 describe local rather than
syeffects.blood
elevated An pressure may be expected from the pain that occurs with a
burn injury.
Isotretinoin is prescribed for a client with severe acne. Before the
administration
medication, theofnurse
this anticipates that which laboratory test will be
prescribed?
1. Platelet
count
,2. Triglyceride
level
3. Complete blood
count
4. White blood cell count correct answers 2.
Triglyceride level
Rational
e:
Isotretinoin can elevate triglyceride levels. Blood triglyceride levels should
be measured
before treatment and periodically thereafter until the effect on the
triglycerides
evaluated. has been
Options 1, 3, and 4 do not need to be monitored specifically
during this
treatme
nt.
A client with severe acne is seen in the clinic and the health care
provider (HCP)
prescribes isotretinoin. The nurse reviews the client's medication record
and would
contact the (HCP) if the client is taking which
medication?
1. Vitamin
A
2. Digoxin
(Lanoxin)
3. Furosemide
(Lasix)
4. Phenytoin (Dilantin) correct answers 1.
Vitamin A
Rational
e:
Isotretinoin is a metabolite of vitamin A and can produce generalized
intensification
isotretinoin of
toxicity. Because of the potential for increased toxicity,
vitamin A
supplements should be discontinued before isotretinoin therapy. Options 2, 3,
and contraindicated
not 4 are with the use of
isotretinoin
The nurse is applying a topical corticosteroid to a client with eczema. The
nurse would
monitor for the potential for increased systemic absorption of the
medication wereif the being applied to which of the following
body
1. areas?
Back
2.
Axilla
3. Soles of the
4. Palms of the hands correct answers 2.
feet
Axilla
Rational
e:
Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed into the systemic circulation.
Absorption
higher fromisregions where the skin is especially permeable (scalp, axilla,
face, eyelids,
neck, perineum, genitalia), and lower from regions in which permeability is
poor (back,
palms,
soles).
The clinic nurse is performing an admission assessment on a client. The
nursethe
that notes
client is taking azelaic acid (Azelex). Because of the medication
prescription,
the nurse would suspect that the client is being
treated for:
1.
Acne
2.
Eczema
3. Hair
loss
4. Herpes simplex correct answers 1.
Acne
, Rational
e:
Azelaic acid is a topical medication used to treat mild to moderate
acne. The
appears toacid
work by suppressing the growth of Propionibacterium acnes and
decreasing
the proliferation of keratinocytes. Options 2, 3, and 4 are
incorrect.
The health care provider has prescribed silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) for the
client
a with
partial-thickness burn, which has cultured positive for gram-negative
bacteria.
nurse The
is reinforcing information to the client about the medication. Which
statement
made by the client indicates a lack of understanding about the
treatments?
1. "The medication is an
antibacterial."
2. "The medication will help heal the
burn."
3. "The medication will permanently stain
my"The
4. skin."
medication should be applied directly to the wound." correct
answers 3. "The
medication will permanently stain my
skin."
Rational
e:
Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) is an antibacterial that has a broad spectrum
of activity
against gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, and yeast. It is
applied
to directly
the wound to assist in healing. It does not stain
the skin.
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving an intravenous (IV)
infusion of an medication. During the infusion, the client complains of
antineoplastic
pain at the
insertion site. During an inspection of the site, the nurse notes redness and
swelling
that and of infusion of the medication has slowed. The nurse should
the rate
take which
appropriate
action?
1. Notify the registered
nurse.
2. Administer pain medication to reduce the
discomfort.
3. Apply ice and maintain the infusion rate, as
prescribed.
4. Elevate the extremity of the IV site, and slow the infusion correct
answers
the 1. Notify
registered
nurse.
Rational
e:
When antineoplastic medications (Chemotherapeutic Agents) are
administered
great care mustviabe
IV,taken to prevent the medication from escaping into
the tissues the injection site, because pain, tissue damage, and necrosis
surrounding
can result.
The nurse monitors for signs of extravasation, such as redness or
swelling at
insertion site
the
and a decreased infusion rate. If extravasation occurs, the
registered
nurse needs to be notified; he or she will then contact the health
care provider.
The client with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx is receiving
bleomycin
intravenously. The nurse caring for the client anticipates that which
diagnostic study will
be
prescribed?
1.
Echocardiography
2.
Electrocardiography
3. Cervical
radiography
4. Pulmonary function studies correct answers 4. Pulmonary
function studies
