PHTLS PRE & POST TEST, ATLS EXAM WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+ FINAL 2024/2025.
The displacement of tissue away from the path of a projectile, both temporarily and
permanently, is known as:
A. Conization
B. Cavitation
C. Crepitation
D. Contusion - ANSWER- B. Cavitation
The single most important factor in determining the potential for injury due to energy
exchange is:
A. Mass of the bodies involved
B. Velocity of the bodies involved
C. Density of the tissues involved
D. Surface area of the impact involved - ANSWER- B. Velocity of the bodies
involved
In the management of shock, isotonic crystalloid solutions, such as Ringer's, are
preferred because:
A. The protein molecules in crystalloid solutions act as volume expanders
B. These fluids draw interstitial fluid into the vascular space to enhance volume
C. These solutions will stay in the vascular space longer than water solutions, such
as D5W
D. Their pH enhance oxygen delivery to the tissues - ANSWER- C. These solutions
will stay in the vascular space longer than water solutions, such as D5W
With respect to the distance of a fall, which of the following is a guideline for
determining a critical fall?
A. 3 times the height of the patient
B. 2 times the height of the patient
C. 5 times the height of the patient
D. 1 ½ times the height of the patient - ANSWER- A. 3 times the height of the
patient
The phase of an explosion, or blast, in which hollow organs are squeezed and may
rupture is called the phase.
Page 1
,A. Tertiary phase
B. Quaternary phase
C. Secondary phase
D. Primary phase - ANSWER- D. Primary phase
During the primary survey and management of a trauma patient, the E in ABCDE
stands for ?
A. Edema
B. Eyes & ears
C. Expose/Environment
D. Electrical therapy - ANSWER- C. Expose/Environment
The time in which surgical intervention can make a difference in patient outcome is
the ?
A. Golden period
B. Golden time
C. Golden era
D. Golden minutes - ANSWER- A. Golden period (hour)
In the absence of extenuating circumstances, the maximum amount of time it should
take to identify and manage immediate threats to life, prepare the patient for
transport and begin transport is ?
A. 5 minutes
B. 10 minutes
C. 15 minutes
D. 30 minutes - ANSWER- B. 10 minutes
In which of the following situations is the use of a short spinal immobilization device
indicated?
A. 28 year old male, unrestrained driver in a frontal impact crash. Awake, asks
repeatedly what happened, complains of a headache, has a hematoma on his
forehead. BP 122/84, HR 92, VR 20.
B. 40 year old female who was pushed down a flight of stairs and is lying prone on
the landing between two flights of stairs, complaining of back pain. BP 118/78, HR
100, VR 20.
C. 17 year old female, restrained driver in a frontal impact crash. Awake, pale and
diaphoretic, complains of upper right quadrant abdominal pain. BP 100/70, HR 108,
VR 20. D. None of the above - ANSWER- D. None of the above
Your patient is a 32 year old man, restrained driver of a vehicle that has been
involved in a frontal impact with a concrete bridge abutment. The patient is awake,
but has difficulty answering questions due to shortness of breath. His ventilatory rate
is 30 per minute. Of the following choices, when is the first time the patient's breath
sounds should be checked?
Page 2
, A. As soon as he is removed from the vehicle
B. Prior to being removed from the vehicle
C. As soon as he is immobilized on a long backboard
D. Enroute to the trauma center - ANSWER- B. Prior to being removed from the
vehicle
Which of the following represents adequate spontaneous ventilation in an adult?
A. Tidal volume 100 mL, ventilatory rate 40/minute
B. Tidal volume 500 mL, ventilatory rate 8/minute
C. Tidal volume 300 mL, ventilatory rate 16/minute
D. Tidal volume 600 mL, ventilatory rate 12/minute - ANSWER- D. Tidal volume
600 mL, ventilatory rate 12/minute
Which of the following is 100% accurate in verifying endotracheal tube placement?
A. Pulse oximetry
B. End-tidal capnometry
C. Syringe aspiration
D. None of the above - ANSWER- D. None of the above.....(added info by ang: to
verify you need breath sounds, condensation in the tube and a confirmatory CXR)
When utilizing percutaneous transtracheal ventilation, the correct ration of lung
inflation to lung inflation time, in seconds, is:
A. 1:4
B. 1:5
C. 1:2
D. 2:2 - ANSWER- A. 1:4
Which of the following is a possible complication of using a manually triggered
oxygen powered device for ventilation?
A. Gastric distention
B. Pneumothorax
C. Inability to feel lung compliance
D. All of the above - ANSWER- D. All of the above
Which of the following procedures is considered an essential airway skill?
A. Needle cricothyroidotomy
B. Endotracheal intubation
C. Insertion of an oropharyngeal airway
D. Retrograde endotracheal intubation - ANSWER- C. Insertion of an
oropharyngeal airway
Pericardial tamponade is most likely to occur in which of the following situations?
A. Stab wound to the chest
Page 3
ANSWERS GRADED A+ FINAL 2024/2025.
The displacement of tissue away from the path of a projectile, both temporarily and
permanently, is known as:
A. Conization
B. Cavitation
C. Crepitation
D. Contusion - ANSWER- B. Cavitation
The single most important factor in determining the potential for injury due to energy
exchange is:
A. Mass of the bodies involved
B. Velocity of the bodies involved
C. Density of the tissues involved
D. Surface area of the impact involved - ANSWER- B. Velocity of the bodies
involved
In the management of shock, isotonic crystalloid solutions, such as Ringer's, are
preferred because:
A. The protein molecules in crystalloid solutions act as volume expanders
B. These fluids draw interstitial fluid into the vascular space to enhance volume
C. These solutions will stay in the vascular space longer than water solutions, such
as D5W
D. Their pH enhance oxygen delivery to the tissues - ANSWER- C. These solutions
will stay in the vascular space longer than water solutions, such as D5W
With respect to the distance of a fall, which of the following is a guideline for
determining a critical fall?
A. 3 times the height of the patient
B. 2 times the height of the patient
C. 5 times the height of the patient
D. 1 ½ times the height of the patient - ANSWER- A. 3 times the height of the
patient
The phase of an explosion, or blast, in which hollow organs are squeezed and may
rupture is called the phase.
Page 1
,A. Tertiary phase
B. Quaternary phase
C. Secondary phase
D. Primary phase - ANSWER- D. Primary phase
During the primary survey and management of a trauma patient, the E in ABCDE
stands for ?
A. Edema
B. Eyes & ears
C. Expose/Environment
D. Electrical therapy - ANSWER- C. Expose/Environment
The time in which surgical intervention can make a difference in patient outcome is
the ?
A. Golden period
B. Golden time
C. Golden era
D. Golden minutes - ANSWER- A. Golden period (hour)
In the absence of extenuating circumstances, the maximum amount of time it should
take to identify and manage immediate threats to life, prepare the patient for
transport and begin transport is ?
A. 5 minutes
B. 10 minutes
C. 15 minutes
D. 30 minutes - ANSWER- B. 10 minutes
In which of the following situations is the use of a short spinal immobilization device
indicated?
A. 28 year old male, unrestrained driver in a frontal impact crash. Awake, asks
repeatedly what happened, complains of a headache, has a hematoma on his
forehead. BP 122/84, HR 92, VR 20.
B. 40 year old female who was pushed down a flight of stairs and is lying prone on
the landing between two flights of stairs, complaining of back pain. BP 118/78, HR
100, VR 20.
C. 17 year old female, restrained driver in a frontal impact crash. Awake, pale and
diaphoretic, complains of upper right quadrant abdominal pain. BP 100/70, HR 108,
VR 20. D. None of the above - ANSWER- D. None of the above
Your patient is a 32 year old man, restrained driver of a vehicle that has been
involved in a frontal impact with a concrete bridge abutment. The patient is awake,
but has difficulty answering questions due to shortness of breath. His ventilatory rate
is 30 per minute. Of the following choices, when is the first time the patient's breath
sounds should be checked?
Page 2
, A. As soon as he is removed from the vehicle
B. Prior to being removed from the vehicle
C. As soon as he is immobilized on a long backboard
D. Enroute to the trauma center - ANSWER- B. Prior to being removed from the
vehicle
Which of the following represents adequate spontaneous ventilation in an adult?
A. Tidal volume 100 mL, ventilatory rate 40/minute
B. Tidal volume 500 mL, ventilatory rate 8/minute
C. Tidal volume 300 mL, ventilatory rate 16/minute
D. Tidal volume 600 mL, ventilatory rate 12/minute - ANSWER- D. Tidal volume
600 mL, ventilatory rate 12/minute
Which of the following is 100% accurate in verifying endotracheal tube placement?
A. Pulse oximetry
B. End-tidal capnometry
C. Syringe aspiration
D. None of the above - ANSWER- D. None of the above.....(added info by ang: to
verify you need breath sounds, condensation in the tube and a confirmatory CXR)
When utilizing percutaneous transtracheal ventilation, the correct ration of lung
inflation to lung inflation time, in seconds, is:
A. 1:4
B. 1:5
C. 1:2
D. 2:2 - ANSWER- A. 1:4
Which of the following is a possible complication of using a manually triggered
oxygen powered device for ventilation?
A. Gastric distention
B. Pneumothorax
C. Inability to feel lung compliance
D. All of the above - ANSWER- D. All of the above
Which of the following procedures is considered an essential airway skill?
A. Needle cricothyroidotomy
B. Endotracheal intubation
C. Insertion of an oropharyngeal airway
D. Retrograde endotracheal intubation - ANSWER- C. Insertion of an
oropharyngeal airway
Pericardial tamponade is most likely to occur in which of the following situations?
A. Stab wound to the chest
Page 3
