Neonatology UPDATED Questions and
CORRECT Answers
APGAR score abbreviations - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- appearance (pink), pulse (>100),
grimace (cough, sneeze, cry), activity (active motion), respirations (crying)
When is hep B given in premature infants? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- If weight <2kg (4lb
6 oz) or at 30 days of life
APGAR measures what? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- intrapartum stress
Define lanugo - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Thin hair often found in preterm infants
Define vernix caseosa - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- thick, white creamy material found in
term infants
-usually absent in postterm infants
Define cutis marmorata - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- mottling of the skin with venous
prominence
When is jaundice always abnormal? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- If detected within first 24
h after birth
Define milia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- tiny white papules
Pustular melanosis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -benign, transient rash
-small, dry superficial vesicles over dark macular base
-must be distinguished from infections
Erythema toxicum neonatorum - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -benign rash
-seen in 1st 72 hr after birth
,-erythematous macules, papules, and pustules on trunk and extremities but not on palms and
soles
-occurs in 50% of full-term infants
-less common in preterm infants
-lesions are filled with EOSINOPHILS
-no tx
nevus simplex - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -"salmon patch"
-often transient
-most common vascular lesion of infancy
-occurs in 30-40% of newborns
-may be on nape of neck "stork bite", upper eyelids, glabella, or nasolabial region
nevus flammeus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -"port wine stain"
-may become darker with age
strawberry hemangioma - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -benign, proliferative vascular tumors
-10% of infants
-usually increase in size after birth and resolve within 18-24 mo
-tx: only if compromise airway or vision
neonatal acne - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -appears after 1-2 weeks of life
-no tx
microcephaly - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- head circumferance <10th percentile
caput succedaneum - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- diffuse edema that crosses cranial sutures
and midline
cephalohematoma - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- confined and limited by cranial sutures
, craniosynostosis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- premature fusion of cranial sutures
craniotabes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- soft areas of the skill with a "ping pong ball" feel
usually disappear in weeks-months
choanal atresia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- r/o with ng tube through each nostril
*most neonates are obligate nose breathers
*sx: inc breathing difficulty with feeds
**1/2 HAVE CHARGE SYNDROME
CHARGE syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- coloboma
heart dz
atresia of choanae
retarded growth and development
genital hypoplasia
ear abnormalities
Pierre Robin syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- micrognathia
cleft palate
glossoptosis
airway obstruction
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- macroglossia
hemi-hypertrophy
visceromegaly
hypothyroidism
mucopolysaccharidosis
*commonly born with increased weight
CORRECT Answers
APGAR score abbreviations - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- appearance (pink), pulse (>100),
grimace (cough, sneeze, cry), activity (active motion), respirations (crying)
When is hep B given in premature infants? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- If weight <2kg (4lb
6 oz) or at 30 days of life
APGAR measures what? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- intrapartum stress
Define lanugo - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Thin hair often found in preterm infants
Define vernix caseosa - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- thick, white creamy material found in
term infants
-usually absent in postterm infants
Define cutis marmorata - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- mottling of the skin with venous
prominence
When is jaundice always abnormal? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- If detected within first 24
h after birth
Define milia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- tiny white papules
Pustular melanosis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -benign, transient rash
-small, dry superficial vesicles over dark macular base
-must be distinguished from infections
Erythema toxicum neonatorum - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -benign rash
-seen in 1st 72 hr after birth
,-erythematous macules, papules, and pustules on trunk and extremities but not on palms and
soles
-occurs in 50% of full-term infants
-less common in preterm infants
-lesions are filled with EOSINOPHILS
-no tx
nevus simplex - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -"salmon patch"
-often transient
-most common vascular lesion of infancy
-occurs in 30-40% of newborns
-may be on nape of neck "stork bite", upper eyelids, glabella, or nasolabial region
nevus flammeus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -"port wine stain"
-may become darker with age
strawberry hemangioma - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -benign, proliferative vascular tumors
-10% of infants
-usually increase in size after birth and resolve within 18-24 mo
-tx: only if compromise airway or vision
neonatal acne - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -appears after 1-2 weeks of life
-no tx
microcephaly - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- head circumferance <10th percentile
caput succedaneum - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- diffuse edema that crosses cranial sutures
and midline
cephalohematoma - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- confined and limited by cranial sutures
, craniosynostosis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- premature fusion of cranial sutures
craniotabes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- soft areas of the skill with a "ping pong ball" feel
usually disappear in weeks-months
choanal atresia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- r/o with ng tube through each nostril
*most neonates are obligate nose breathers
*sx: inc breathing difficulty with feeds
**1/2 HAVE CHARGE SYNDROME
CHARGE syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- coloboma
heart dz
atresia of choanae
retarded growth and development
genital hypoplasia
ear abnormalities
Pierre Robin syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- micrognathia
cleft palate
glossoptosis
airway obstruction
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- macroglossia
hemi-hypertrophy
visceromegaly
hypothyroidism
mucopolysaccharidosis
*commonly born with increased weight
