ATI Adult Medical Surgical Retake 1 Exam Questions With Correct Answers

ATI Adult Medical Surgical Retake 1 Exam Questions With Correct Answers .Acid base imbalance: Interpreting ABG results - ANSWER-1) Look at pH 7.35 acidosis 7.45 Alkalosis 2) PaCo2 and HCO3 35 or 45 PaCO2 is respiratory 22 or 26 is metabolic .Acute Kidney injury and chronic kidney disease: Evaluating teaching about nutrition - ANSWER--Restrict dietary intake of potassium, phosphate and magnesium during oliguric phase -K and Na is regulated according to stage of kidney injury - high protein diet to replace the high rate of protein breakdown due to the stress from the illness. Possible TPN .Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease: Metabolic changes associated with chronic kidney disease - ANSWER-Metabolic acidosis .Anemias: Administering Epoetin Alfa - ANSWER-Monitor for an increase in blood pressure Monitor Hgb and Hct twice a week .Anemias: Manifestations of anemia - ANSWER-Pallor Fatigue irritability dypnea sensitivity to cold tachycardia bright red tongue (vit b12 deficiency) .Angina and MI: Client teaching about nitroglycerin - ANSWER-Nitrogylcerin prevents coronary artery vasospasm and reduces preload and afterload. Used to treat angina and help with BP. - Place nitro under tongue to dissolve - Take up to two more doses of nitro at 5-min intervals - Stop activity and rest Headache is a common side effect Orthostatic hypotension .Antibiotics affecting protein synthesis: Adverse effects of gentamicin - ANSWER--Ototoxicity: cochlear damage (hearing loss) and vestibular damage (loss of balance). -Nephrotoxicity (proteinuria, elevated BUN, creatinine levels). -Hypersensitivity ( rash, pruritis, parathesia of hands and feet, and urticaria). .Arthoplasty: Pain control - ANSWER-Analgesics - opiods (epidural, PCA, IV, Oral) NSAIDS Continuous peripheral nerve block Ice or cold therapy to reduce swelling Head of bed slightly elevated and the affected leg in a neutral position. place a pillow or abduction device between the legs when turning to the unaffectedNe side .Arthroplasty: Preventing complications following hip arthoplasty - ANSWER-Follow position restrictions to avoid dislocation - use elevated seating - straight chairs with arms - abduction pillow or a pillow between client legs - externally rotate toes .Asthma: Identifying pathophysiology - ANSWER-Chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways -Mucosal edema - Bronchoconstriction - Excessive mucus production - Dyspnea - Chest tightness - Anxiety/Stress -Wheezing -Coughing - Poor O2 .Blood and blood product transfusions: Administering Fresh Frozen Plasma - ANSWER-Initiate a large bore IV access: 20 gauge needle Complete transfusion withing 2-4 hours time frame If reaction occurs: -Stop transfusion immediately - Initiate 0.9% NaCl in a separate line - Save blood bag and blood tubing .Blood and blood product transfusions: Monitoring for adverse response to multiple blood transfusions - ANSWER-cute Hemolytic: chills, fever, low back pain, tachycardia, flushing, hypotension Febrile: chiils, fever, flushing, headache Mild Allergic: itching, urticaria and flushing Anaphylactic: wheezing, dyspnea, chest tightness cyanosis and hypotension .Burns: Priority action during resuscitation phase - ANSWER-Maintain airway and ventilation rapid fluid resuscitation (0.9% NaCl or LR's) .Cancer disorders: client teaching following partial glossectomy - ANSWER--Client need for alternate communication following surgery -head of bed elevated to reduce edema -report leakage of fluid from the suture line or swallowing difficulty -thicken liquids -frequent oral hygiene