WFR EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Urban versus wilderness - Answers- Communication
Environment
Resources (improvisation)
Time
Patient Assessment - Answers- 1. Scene Size Up (12345)
2. Life Threats (ABDCE) initial assessment
3. Head to toe Physical exam
4. SAMPLE History
5. Vital Signs
Scene Size-Up - Answers- 1. I'm #1 - Is this scene safe for me?
2. What happened to you? MOI (method of injury)
3. Nothing on me (gloves! BSI= body substance isolation)
4. Are there any more? (don't be distracted by ASR)
5. Dead or alive (how bad is it?)
Life Threats - Answers- A- Airway - spit out gum, etc.
B- Breathing- palpate rib cage, does it hurt or is it hard (expose area where breathing
hurts)
C- Circulation- pulse (radial, just check that it's there), blood (ask do you think you are
bleeding?), sweep (look at hands after each part)
D- Decision about disability - ask what happened, if MOI for spinal injury, stabilize
E- Expose and treat life threatening injuries- ask patient what is chief complaint, look at
whatever they are complaining about, also environment- move them to a safe place
Level of Responsiveness (LOR) - Answers- Person- What's your name?
Place- Where are you?
Time - What day is it?
Event - What happened
A= awake O = oriented
A + O x 4 = knows person, place time and event
A + O x 3 = knows person, place and time (still reliable)
A + O x 2= knows person, place
A + O x 1= knows person
Below A + O is AVPU scale
A = awake
V- responds to verbal
P- responds to painful stimulus
U- unresponsive
AVPU - Answers- Awake
Verbal - are you ok
,Painful- squeeze tendons on shoulder
Unresponsive
Heart Rate - Answers- Beats per minute- 50-100 BPM (do in 30 seconds) need watch
Rhythm - regular/ irregular
Quality - strong/ weak/ bounding
goal - regular and strong
Respiratory Rate - Answers- breaths per minute (normal= 12-22)
rhythm- regular/ irregular
quality: strong weak bonding
can just fold arm into chest so you can check breathing while into heart
goal- regular and easy
SCTM- skin color temperature moisture - Answers- Color- pink/ pale/ red/ ashen -
palms of hands
Temperature- warm/ cool/ hot - check by collar bone
Moisture- dry/ moist /wet
Goal- pink, warm and dry
Early Changing Vitals - Answers- HR (heart rate)
RR (respiration rate)
LOR (Level of responsiveness)
SCTM (skin color temperature moisture)
Lung sounds (if suspected injury)
Late Changing Vitals - Answers- BP - blood pressure
P - pupils
T- Temperature (thermometer)
Blood Pressure- - Answers- cuff squeezes artery, slowly release cuff until you hear the
heart rate
systolic pressure- pressure to overcome force of cuff - when you start hearing heartbeat
(when flow begins)
diastolic pressure- when you stop hearing heartbeat (no more turbulance)
3 Ways to take blood pressure - Answers- cuff and stethoscope (ascultation)
cuff and radial pulse (100/p) (palpation)
estimate by taking radial pulse - say strong radial pulse (estimation)
Pupils - Answers- PERRL
Pupils
equal
round
Reactive to Light
ask them to close eyes and open them (should constrict equally)
, Patient History - Answers- Age, sex
Chief complaint
Mechanism of injury (MOI)/ History of the Present Illness (HPI)
SAMPLE History
SAMPLE - Answers- Symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Pertinent Medical History
Last Intake/outake (quantity and quality)
Events leading up to the incident
Before touching patient 3 Cs - Answers- Consent- Introduce self -Ask for consent (non-
response= implied consent) State training
Control- of head if spinal injury
Consciousness- ask what happened
Head to toe physical exam - Answers- Look, Ask, Feel
ASK IF THEY WEAR A MEDICAL ALERT TAG
Head, Face, Neck-
Shoulders-
Chest-
Abdomen-
Pelvis-
Groin-
Legs-
Feet and hands
Head to Toe: Hands and Feet - Answers- Circulation - check for warmth, pedal pulse on
foot
Sensation- pinch pinkie or big toe and ask them which is which
Motion- have them push down and pull up or have them wiggle
Head to Toe: Head Face and Neck - Answers- (look at pupils, cheekbones nose) jaw-
clench teeth growl like tiger, Remove helmet/ hat
Run fingers through hair
Examine face, pressing on bones,
check in eyes, nose and mouth
check in ears and behind and below ears
Feel along muscle and bones of neck
Check for tracheal alignment
check for medical ID tag
Head to Toe: Rolling patient - Answers- Patient gives self bear hug and crosses legs
Rescuer at head calls time of roll
Urban versus wilderness - Answers- Communication
Environment
Resources (improvisation)
Time
Patient Assessment - Answers- 1. Scene Size Up (12345)
2. Life Threats (ABDCE) initial assessment
3. Head to toe Physical exam
4. SAMPLE History
5. Vital Signs
Scene Size-Up - Answers- 1. I'm #1 - Is this scene safe for me?
2. What happened to you? MOI (method of injury)
3. Nothing on me (gloves! BSI= body substance isolation)
4. Are there any more? (don't be distracted by ASR)
5. Dead or alive (how bad is it?)
Life Threats - Answers- A- Airway - spit out gum, etc.
B- Breathing- palpate rib cage, does it hurt or is it hard (expose area where breathing
hurts)
C- Circulation- pulse (radial, just check that it's there), blood (ask do you think you are
bleeding?), sweep (look at hands after each part)
D- Decision about disability - ask what happened, if MOI for spinal injury, stabilize
E- Expose and treat life threatening injuries- ask patient what is chief complaint, look at
whatever they are complaining about, also environment- move them to a safe place
Level of Responsiveness (LOR) - Answers- Person- What's your name?
Place- Where are you?
Time - What day is it?
Event - What happened
A= awake O = oriented
A + O x 4 = knows person, place time and event
A + O x 3 = knows person, place and time (still reliable)
A + O x 2= knows person, place
A + O x 1= knows person
Below A + O is AVPU scale
A = awake
V- responds to verbal
P- responds to painful stimulus
U- unresponsive
AVPU - Answers- Awake
Verbal - are you ok
,Painful- squeeze tendons on shoulder
Unresponsive
Heart Rate - Answers- Beats per minute- 50-100 BPM (do in 30 seconds) need watch
Rhythm - regular/ irregular
Quality - strong/ weak/ bounding
goal - regular and strong
Respiratory Rate - Answers- breaths per minute (normal= 12-22)
rhythm- regular/ irregular
quality: strong weak bonding
can just fold arm into chest so you can check breathing while into heart
goal- regular and easy
SCTM- skin color temperature moisture - Answers- Color- pink/ pale/ red/ ashen -
palms of hands
Temperature- warm/ cool/ hot - check by collar bone
Moisture- dry/ moist /wet
Goal- pink, warm and dry
Early Changing Vitals - Answers- HR (heart rate)
RR (respiration rate)
LOR (Level of responsiveness)
SCTM (skin color temperature moisture)
Lung sounds (if suspected injury)
Late Changing Vitals - Answers- BP - blood pressure
P - pupils
T- Temperature (thermometer)
Blood Pressure- - Answers- cuff squeezes artery, slowly release cuff until you hear the
heart rate
systolic pressure- pressure to overcome force of cuff - when you start hearing heartbeat
(when flow begins)
diastolic pressure- when you stop hearing heartbeat (no more turbulance)
3 Ways to take blood pressure - Answers- cuff and stethoscope (ascultation)
cuff and radial pulse (100/p) (palpation)
estimate by taking radial pulse - say strong radial pulse (estimation)
Pupils - Answers- PERRL
Pupils
equal
round
Reactive to Light
ask them to close eyes and open them (should constrict equally)
, Patient History - Answers- Age, sex
Chief complaint
Mechanism of injury (MOI)/ History of the Present Illness (HPI)
SAMPLE History
SAMPLE - Answers- Symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Pertinent Medical History
Last Intake/outake (quantity and quality)
Events leading up to the incident
Before touching patient 3 Cs - Answers- Consent- Introduce self -Ask for consent (non-
response= implied consent) State training
Control- of head if spinal injury
Consciousness- ask what happened
Head to toe physical exam - Answers- Look, Ask, Feel
ASK IF THEY WEAR A MEDICAL ALERT TAG
Head, Face, Neck-
Shoulders-
Chest-
Abdomen-
Pelvis-
Groin-
Legs-
Feet and hands
Head to Toe: Hands and Feet - Answers- Circulation - check for warmth, pedal pulse on
foot
Sensation- pinch pinkie or big toe and ask them which is which
Motion- have them push down and pull up or have them wiggle
Head to Toe: Head Face and Neck - Answers- (look at pupils, cheekbones nose) jaw-
clench teeth growl like tiger, Remove helmet/ hat
Run fingers through hair
Examine face, pressing on bones,
check in eyes, nose and mouth
check in ears and behind and below ears
Feel along muscle and bones of neck
Check for tracheal alignment
check for medical ID tag
Head to Toe: Rolling patient - Answers- Patient gives self bear hug and crosses legs
Rescuer at head calls time of roll
