Milady Cosmetology, Chapter 1: History & Career
Opportnities
Appearance Enhancement - answer-a term used to encompass a broad range of
specialty areas, including hairstyling, nail technology, and esthetics.
Continuing Education - answer-education that is employment or license related:
used to motivate, enrich, update skill sets, satisfy licensing requirements, or further
our career.
Cosmetology - answer-the art and science of beautifying and improving the skin,
nails, and hair, and include the study of cosmetics, and their application.
3000 BC - answer-Egyptians used minerals, insects, and berries to create makeup
for their eyes, lips, and ski. Henna was used to stain their hair and nails.
2630 BC - answer-Many tribes in Africa colored the hair with red earth and wore
elaborate hairstyles and head dressing as a symbol of stature.
1600 BC - answer-Chinese aristocrats rubbed a tinted mixture of gum Arabic,
gelatin, beeswax, and egg whites onto their nails to color the crimson or ebony.
1100 BC - answer-Throughout the Chinese Chou Dynasty, gold and silver were the
royal colors.
500 BC - answer-During the Golden Age of Greece, hairstyling became a highly
developed art. Greek women applied preparations of white lead onto their faces,
kohl around their eyes, and vermillion upon their cheeks and lips.
50 BC - answer-Queen Cleopatra took dedications to beauty to an entirely new level
by erecting a personal cosmetics factory next to the Dead Sea.
AD 1000 - answer-Avicenna a Persian physician and alchemist refined the process
of steam distillation.
1837-1901 - answer-To preserve the health and beauty of the skin, women used
beauty masks and packs made from honey, eggs, milk, oatmeal, fruits, vegetables,
and other natural ingredients.
1872 - answer-Marcel Grateau invented the first curling iron-gas burner-heated
tongs. About 19523, he created an electric version.
1900's - answer-Motion Picture viewers saw pictures of celebrities with flawless
complexions, beautiful hairstyles, and manicured nails, and standards of feminine
beauty began to change.
1906 - answer-Charles Nessler invented a heavily wired machine that supplied
electrical current to metal rods around which hair strands were wrapped.
, 1908 - answer-Max Factor began making and selling makeup to movie stars that
wouldn't cake or crack, even under hot studio lights.
1910 - answer-Sarah Breedlove became known as Madame C. J. Walker's Wonderful
Hair Grower. She moved her company to Indianapolis where she built a factory, hair
salon, and training school.
1917 - answer-Madame Walker organized a convention for her Madame C. J. Walker
Hair Culturists Union of America. This was one of the first national meeting for
businesswomen ever held.
1920's - answer-The cosmetics industry grew rapidly. Advertising expenditures in
radio alone went from $390,00 in 1927 to $3.2 million in 1930.
1931 - answer-The preheat perm method was introduced. Hair was wrapped using
the croquignole method. Clamps, preheated by a separate electrical unit, were then
placed over the wound curls.
1932 - answer-Chemists Ralph L. Evans and Everett G. McDonough pioneered the
first machineless permanent wave. Also that year, Charles Revson of Revlon fame
marketed the first nail polish. Lawrence Gelb; a New York Chemist, introduced the
first permanent haircolor and founded a company called Clairol.
1935 - answer-Max Factor created pancake makeup to make actor's skin look
natural on color film.
1938 - answer-Arnold F. Willatt invented the cold wave that used no machines or
heat. The cold wave is considered to be the precursor to the modern perm.
1941 - answer-Scientists developed another method of permanent waving that used
waving lotion. Because this perm did not use heat, it was also called a cold wave.
1960's - answer-Vidal Sassoon turned the hairstyling world on its ear with his
revolutionary geometric cuts.
1970's - answer-French hairdressers introduced the art of hair weaving using
aluminum foil.
1979 - answer-was the year iconic hairdresser Trevor Sorbie opened his first salon
in Convent Garden, England.
1980's - answer-Makeup went full circle, from barely there to heavily made-up "cat-
eyes" and the heavy use of eye shadows and blush. Also, the salon industry evolved
to include day spas, a name that was first coined by beauty legend Noel DeCaprio.
1985 - answer-Farouk Sami invented the world's first ammonia free haircolor.
1989 - answer-The first year the North American Hairstyling Awards was held.
Opportnities
Appearance Enhancement - answer-a term used to encompass a broad range of
specialty areas, including hairstyling, nail technology, and esthetics.
Continuing Education - answer-education that is employment or license related:
used to motivate, enrich, update skill sets, satisfy licensing requirements, or further
our career.
Cosmetology - answer-the art and science of beautifying and improving the skin,
nails, and hair, and include the study of cosmetics, and their application.
3000 BC - answer-Egyptians used minerals, insects, and berries to create makeup
for their eyes, lips, and ski. Henna was used to stain their hair and nails.
2630 BC - answer-Many tribes in Africa colored the hair with red earth and wore
elaborate hairstyles and head dressing as a symbol of stature.
1600 BC - answer-Chinese aristocrats rubbed a tinted mixture of gum Arabic,
gelatin, beeswax, and egg whites onto their nails to color the crimson or ebony.
1100 BC - answer-Throughout the Chinese Chou Dynasty, gold and silver were the
royal colors.
500 BC - answer-During the Golden Age of Greece, hairstyling became a highly
developed art. Greek women applied preparations of white lead onto their faces,
kohl around their eyes, and vermillion upon their cheeks and lips.
50 BC - answer-Queen Cleopatra took dedications to beauty to an entirely new level
by erecting a personal cosmetics factory next to the Dead Sea.
AD 1000 - answer-Avicenna a Persian physician and alchemist refined the process
of steam distillation.
1837-1901 - answer-To preserve the health and beauty of the skin, women used
beauty masks and packs made from honey, eggs, milk, oatmeal, fruits, vegetables,
and other natural ingredients.
1872 - answer-Marcel Grateau invented the first curling iron-gas burner-heated
tongs. About 19523, he created an electric version.
1900's - answer-Motion Picture viewers saw pictures of celebrities with flawless
complexions, beautiful hairstyles, and manicured nails, and standards of feminine
beauty began to change.
1906 - answer-Charles Nessler invented a heavily wired machine that supplied
electrical current to metal rods around which hair strands were wrapped.
, 1908 - answer-Max Factor began making and selling makeup to movie stars that
wouldn't cake or crack, even under hot studio lights.
1910 - answer-Sarah Breedlove became known as Madame C. J. Walker's Wonderful
Hair Grower. She moved her company to Indianapolis where she built a factory, hair
salon, and training school.
1917 - answer-Madame Walker organized a convention for her Madame C. J. Walker
Hair Culturists Union of America. This was one of the first national meeting for
businesswomen ever held.
1920's - answer-The cosmetics industry grew rapidly. Advertising expenditures in
radio alone went from $390,00 in 1927 to $3.2 million in 1930.
1931 - answer-The preheat perm method was introduced. Hair was wrapped using
the croquignole method. Clamps, preheated by a separate electrical unit, were then
placed over the wound curls.
1932 - answer-Chemists Ralph L. Evans and Everett G. McDonough pioneered the
first machineless permanent wave. Also that year, Charles Revson of Revlon fame
marketed the first nail polish. Lawrence Gelb; a New York Chemist, introduced the
first permanent haircolor and founded a company called Clairol.
1935 - answer-Max Factor created pancake makeup to make actor's skin look
natural on color film.
1938 - answer-Arnold F. Willatt invented the cold wave that used no machines or
heat. The cold wave is considered to be the precursor to the modern perm.
1941 - answer-Scientists developed another method of permanent waving that used
waving lotion. Because this perm did not use heat, it was also called a cold wave.
1960's - answer-Vidal Sassoon turned the hairstyling world on its ear with his
revolutionary geometric cuts.
1970's - answer-French hairdressers introduced the art of hair weaving using
aluminum foil.
1979 - answer-was the year iconic hairdresser Trevor Sorbie opened his first salon
in Convent Garden, England.
1980's - answer-Makeup went full circle, from barely there to heavily made-up "cat-
eyes" and the heavy use of eye shadows and blush. Also, the salon industry evolved
to include day spas, a name that was first coined by beauty legend Noel DeCaprio.
1985 - answer-Farouk Sami invented the world's first ammonia free haircolor.
1989 - answer-The first year the North American Hairstyling Awards was held.
