Anesthesiology Practice Questions & Answers

Anesthesiology Practice Questions & Answers What are some indications for anesthesia? - ANSWER--Humane treatment of animals -Restraint -Provision of satisfactory condition for surgery Give some examples of how anesthesia can facilitate the performance of surgeries. - ANSWER--Good muscle relaxation -Central location of eyeball -Absence of swallowing -Absence of salivation -Absence of movement Anesthetic techniques can be classified into three types, what are they? - ANSWER--Local -Regional -General What are the three major objectives for performing anesthesia? - ANSWER--Provide relief from pain -Provide the optimal surgical condition -Ensure patient safety and survival What three conditions compose the "triad" of general anesthesia? - ANSWER--Narcosis (sleep) -Muscle relaxation -Analgesia (pain relief) What are some different methods for performing general anesthesia? - ANSWER--Inhalant agents -Injectable agents -Inhalant agents & Injectable agents -"Balanced" anesthesia Define: "Balanced" anesthesia - ANSWER-A combination of different drugs that will complement one another in the process of anesthetization. When done properly, this allows a lighter plane of anesthesia and poses a smaller risk to cardiovascular and pulmonary health. During the preanesthetic assessment of a patient, what particular areas are of extra concern? - ANSWER--Cardiovascular -Respiratory -Nervous system -Endocrine system What is different about the state induced by premedication and the actual anesthesia? - ANSWER-Under premedication, patients are arousable. Under anesthesia, patients are non-arousable (hopefully). Give the 5 levels of the ASA Physical Status Classification System. - ANSWER-I - a healthy patient with no systemic disease II - a patient with mild systemic disease III - a patient with moderate, non-debilitating systemic disease IV - a patient with severe, debilitating systemic disease V - a patient that will die in 24 hours without immediate surgery Give an example for each of the 5 levels of the ASA Physical Status Classification System. - ANSWER-I - elective spay, tail docking II - minor fracture, skin tumor III - chronic heart disease, mild pneumothorax IV - ruptured bladder, closed pyometra, strangulated hernia V - severe shock T/F: Auscultation of the lungs is necessary for preanesthetic assessment, but not of the heart. - ANSWER-FALSE Both the lungs and the heart should be auscultated during a preanesthetic assessment. Prior to anesthesia, should animals be food fasted? What about water fasted? - ANSWER-Most species will need to be food fasted, except in special circumstances. Ruminants need fasted for longer periods prior to anesthesia. Free access water is usually indicated up to the point of premedication, except in the case of ruminants who are water fasted for 12-24 hours prior to anesthesia. What are some medical conditions which need addressed prior to anesthesia? - ANSWER--Blood transfusion for anemia -Plasma transfusion for hypoproteinemia -Fluid therapy for severe dehydration -Insulin and dextrose for diabetes -Preoxygenation for respiratory diseases What are the 4 primary functions of the anesthesia gas delivery system? - ANSWER--Provide oxygen to the patient -Blend and deliver anesthetic gas mixture -Remove CO2 from the breathing circuit -Support ventilation of the patient Describe the 4-component subsystems of an anesthesia gas machine. - ANSWER--*High-pressure system*: where the pipeline and cylinder gas supplies are connected -*Low-pressure system*: where O2 and anesthetic gas are blended -*Breathing system*: where the anesthetic gas mixture is delivered to the patient -*Scavenging system*: where the excess gas from the breathing system is collected and transported to the gas evacuation system What is the operating pressure of the pipeline oxygen gas supply? - ANSWER-50-55 psig What size gas tank is usually smaller and directly connected to anesthetic machines, and what size is usually larger and kept in a separate storage room? - ANSWER-*E-tank*: smaller and directly attached *H-tanks*: larger and stored separately T/F: When oxygen is compressed within a cylinder, it remains as a gas. - ANSWER-TRUE (except for in extreme, large-scale instances) T/F: The pressure reading on an oxygen tank is directly proportional to the volume of remaining oxygen. To calculate the volume of gas remaining, one can simply multiply the pressure by 0.3. - ANSWER-TRUE T/F: When N2O is compressed at room temperature, it remains as a gas. - ANSWER-FALSE N2O enters the liquid phase when it is compressed at room temperature T/F: The pressure reading on a N2O tank is directly proportional to the volume of remaining N2O. To calculate the volume of gas remaining, one can simply multiply the pressure by 0.3. - ANSWER-FALSE Continues...