PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM WITH ANSWERS
When an aide asks the nurse about the purpose of the inflammatory process, how
should the nurse respond?
a. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms.
b. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury.
c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue.
d. To provide specific responses toward antigens. - answerc
The phase of the cell cycle during which the centromeres split and the sister
chromatids are pulled apart is referred to as:
a. anaphase.
b. prophase.
c. metaphase.
d. telophase. - answera
While reading a textbook, a student reads the term apoptosis. The student recalls
that apoptosis is a condition in which cells program themselves to:
a. regenerate.
b. die.
c. atrophy.
d. age. - answerb
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would
reveal which of the following?
a. XXY
b. XYY
c. XX
d. XY - answera
A 30-year-old male was involved in a motor vehicle accident. The glass from the
shattered window cut his face and neck. The scar, however, was raised and
extended beyond the original boundaries of the wound. This pattern of scarring is
caused by impaired:
a. nutritional status.
b. contraction.
c. epithelialization.
d. collagen synthesis. - answerd
When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to an
increased workload, cardiac myocardial cells will experience hypertrophy which is
an:
a. increase in size.
b. increase in excitability.
c. decrease in number.
,d. decrease in length. - answera
The nurse identified each of the following clinical manifestations of inflammation.
Which would the nurse classify as a local response? (select all that apply)
a. Swelling
b. Fever
c. Heat
d. Redness
e. Pain - answera,c,d,e
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis?
a. Hyperventilation
b. Pneumonia
c. An increase in noncarbonic acids
d. Vomiting - answerb
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's
best response?
a. Increased paternal age.
b. Fetal exposure to mutagens in the uterus.
c. Family history of Down syndrome.
d. Pregnancy in women over age 35. - answerd
For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will
include:
a. protein buffering.
b. kidney excretion of H+.
c. kidney excretion of HCO3.
d. prolonged exhalations to blow off CO2. - answerb
Cystic fibrosis is caused by what gene abnormality?
a. X-linked dominant
b. Autosomal dominant
c. Autosomal recessive
d. X-linked recessive - answerc
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) incoherent and
semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type
of edema is referred to as:
a. pitting edema.
b. lymphedema.
c. generalized edema.
d. localized edema. - answerd
,During which process are bacteria engulfed for ingestion?
a. Exocytosis
b. Endocytosis
c. Pinocytosis
d. Phagocytosis - answerd
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in which
of the following fluid compartments?
a. Intracellular fluid (ICF)
b. Intravascular fluid
c. Extracellular fluid (ECF)
d. Interstitial fluid - answerb
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic
acidosis? A patient diagnosed with:
a. pulmonary disorders.
b. Cushing syndrome.
c. renal failure.
d. diabetes insipidus. - answerc
When the nurse is teaching the staff about X-linked recessive disorders, which
information should the nurse include? (select all that apply)
a. The trait is seen much more often in females than in males.
b. The trait never skips generations.
c. The gene can be transmitted through a series of carrier females.
d. The trait is never transmitted from father to son.
e. The gene is passed from an affected father to all his daughters. - answerc,d,e
A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He experiences a
severe allergic reaction and has to go to the ER. The nurse providing care realizes
this reaction is the result of:
a. IgA.
b. IgM.
c. IgE.
d. toxoids. - answerc
A child fell off a swing and scraped his right knee. The injured area becomes painful.
What else will the nurse observe upon assessment?
a. Vasoconstriction at injured site
b. Pale skin at injured site
c. Decreased RBC concentration at injured site
d. Edema at injured site - answerd
, Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering
system?
a .Sodium/potassium
b. Amylase/albumin
c. Carbonic acid/bicarbonate
d. Protein/fat - answerc
A DNA strand has a region with the sequence ATCGGAT. Which of the following
would be a complementary strand?
a. UAGCCUAG
b. TUGCCTUG
c. TAGCCTAG
d. CGATACGT - answerc
A 75-year-old male presents with chest pain on exertion. The chest pain is most
likely due to hypoxic injury secondary to:
a. free radicals.
b. chemical toxicity.
c. malnutrition.
d. ischemia. - answerd
A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic hormones. When the
patient asks the nurse what these hormones do, how should the nurse respond?
Natriuretic hormones affect the balance of:
a. calcium.
b. sodium.
c. magnesium.
d. potassium. - answerb
A nurse recalls that regulation of acid-base balance through removal or retention of
volatile acids is accomplished by the:
a. buffer systems.
b. skin.
c. lungs.
d. liver. - answerc
Some cancer drugs work during the cell cycle phase where nuclear and cytoplasmic
divisions occur. What is this cell cycle phase called?
a. M
b. G2
c. S
d. G1 - answera
The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the:
When an aide asks the nurse about the purpose of the inflammatory process, how
should the nurse respond?
a. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms.
b. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury.
c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue.
d. To provide specific responses toward antigens. - answerc
The phase of the cell cycle during which the centromeres split and the sister
chromatids are pulled apart is referred to as:
a. anaphase.
b. prophase.
c. metaphase.
d. telophase. - answera
While reading a textbook, a student reads the term apoptosis. The student recalls
that apoptosis is a condition in which cells program themselves to:
a. regenerate.
b. die.
c. atrophy.
d. age. - answerb
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would
reveal which of the following?
a. XXY
b. XYY
c. XX
d. XY - answera
A 30-year-old male was involved in a motor vehicle accident. The glass from the
shattered window cut his face and neck. The scar, however, was raised and
extended beyond the original boundaries of the wound. This pattern of scarring is
caused by impaired:
a. nutritional status.
b. contraction.
c. epithelialization.
d. collagen synthesis. - answerd
When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to an
increased workload, cardiac myocardial cells will experience hypertrophy which is
an:
a. increase in size.
b. increase in excitability.
c. decrease in number.
,d. decrease in length. - answera
The nurse identified each of the following clinical manifestations of inflammation.
Which would the nurse classify as a local response? (select all that apply)
a. Swelling
b. Fever
c. Heat
d. Redness
e. Pain - answera,c,d,e
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis?
a. Hyperventilation
b. Pneumonia
c. An increase in noncarbonic acids
d. Vomiting - answerb
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's
best response?
a. Increased paternal age.
b. Fetal exposure to mutagens in the uterus.
c. Family history of Down syndrome.
d. Pregnancy in women over age 35. - answerd
For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will
include:
a. protein buffering.
b. kidney excretion of H+.
c. kidney excretion of HCO3.
d. prolonged exhalations to blow off CO2. - answerb
Cystic fibrosis is caused by what gene abnormality?
a. X-linked dominant
b. Autosomal dominant
c. Autosomal recessive
d. X-linked recessive - answerc
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) incoherent and
semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type
of edema is referred to as:
a. pitting edema.
b. lymphedema.
c. generalized edema.
d. localized edema. - answerd
,During which process are bacteria engulfed for ingestion?
a. Exocytosis
b. Endocytosis
c. Pinocytosis
d. Phagocytosis - answerd
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in which
of the following fluid compartments?
a. Intracellular fluid (ICF)
b. Intravascular fluid
c. Extracellular fluid (ECF)
d. Interstitial fluid - answerb
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic
acidosis? A patient diagnosed with:
a. pulmonary disorders.
b. Cushing syndrome.
c. renal failure.
d. diabetes insipidus. - answerc
When the nurse is teaching the staff about X-linked recessive disorders, which
information should the nurse include? (select all that apply)
a. The trait is seen much more often in females than in males.
b. The trait never skips generations.
c. The gene can be transmitted through a series of carrier females.
d. The trait is never transmitted from father to son.
e. The gene is passed from an affected father to all his daughters. - answerc,d,e
A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He experiences a
severe allergic reaction and has to go to the ER. The nurse providing care realizes
this reaction is the result of:
a. IgA.
b. IgM.
c. IgE.
d. toxoids. - answerc
A child fell off a swing and scraped his right knee. The injured area becomes painful.
What else will the nurse observe upon assessment?
a. Vasoconstriction at injured site
b. Pale skin at injured site
c. Decreased RBC concentration at injured site
d. Edema at injured site - answerd
, Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering
system?
a .Sodium/potassium
b. Amylase/albumin
c. Carbonic acid/bicarbonate
d. Protein/fat - answerc
A DNA strand has a region with the sequence ATCGGAT. Which of the following
would be a complementary strand?
a. UAGCCUAG
b. TUGCCTUG
c. TAGCCTAG
d. CGATACGT - answerc
A 75-year-old male presents with chest pain on exertion. The chest pain is most
likely due to hypoxic injury secondary to:
a. free radicals.
b. chemical toxicity.
c. malnutrition.
d. ischemia. - answerd
A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic hormones. When the
patient asks the nurse what these hormones do, how should the nurse respond?
Natriuretic hormones affect the balance of:
a. calcium.
b. sodium.
c. magnesium.
d. potassium. - answerb
A nurse recalls that regulation of acid-base balance through removal or retention of
volatile acids is accomplished by the:
a. buffer systems.
b. skin.
c. lungs.
d. liver. - answerc
Some cancer drugs work during the cell cycle phase where nuclear and cytoplasmic
divisions occur. What is this cell cycle phase called?
a. M
b. G2
c. S
d. G1 - answera
The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the:
