©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/8/2024 12:08 PM
Psych 111 Exam 1 Questions And Answers
100% Pass
Empiricism (Locke) - answer✔Born as Blank slates (tabula rasa). The view that knowledge originates in
experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation
Structuralism - answer✔an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural
elements of consciousness (the mind).
Functionalism (William James) - answer✔A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and
behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.
Behaviorism (Watson) - answer✔the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only
Cognitive Revolution - answer✔The shift from strict behaviorism towards fundamental problems of
consciousness and internal mental processes.
Descartes - answer✔considered the body and the soul to be ontologically separate but interacting
entities
Locke - answer✔he believed that knowledge was founded in empirical observation and experience
(empiricism)
Watson (Behaviorism) - answer✔Conducted the Little Albert experiment, in which he demonstrated that
a child could be conditioned to fear a previously neutral stimulus.
Skinner - answer✔operant conditioning: Behavior followed by reinforcement increases the chance of
behavior and when behavior is followed by a pleasant state, it is "reinforced")
Introspection - answer✔Rely one's descriptions of sensations they experience in response to some
stimulus, like a picture, and try to break those descriptions down into basic elements
Case study - answer✔an in-depth analysis of one person, group, or event.
naturalistic observation - answer✔Observe behavior in the real world. Natural settings
correlational studies - answer✔Measure two or more things, and find correlations between them
experiments
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/8/2024 12:08 PM
independent variable - answer✔The experimental factor that is manipulated; is the variable whose
effect is being studied.
dependent variable - answer✔The outcome factor; is the variable that may change in response to
manipulations of the independent variable.
confounding variable - answer✔a factor other than the independent variable that might produce an
effect in an experiment
correlational coefficient - answer✔a statistical measure of how closely two variables are associated
Schacter study on anxiety and affiliation - answer✔Anxiety was a strong motivating factor in affiliation.
Being scared, stressed, or anxious made people want to bond together. Done on college students and
were given the option to wait before the shock in groups or not.
Classical conditioning (Pavlov) - answer✔Involuntary behavior/reflex that was originally triggered by a
biologically potent stimulus, is now paired with a previously neutral stimulus. Dog and bell experiment
Extinction of learned responses or associations - answer✔Just as we learn a response, learn an
association, we can unlearn it
Acquisition - answer✔the initial learning of the stimulus-response relationship
Forward Pairing Conditioning - answer✔after classical conditioning; the CS (bell) comes before the US
(food)
Simultaneous pairing conditioning - answer✔the US (food) and CS (bell) occur together
backward pairing conditioning - answer✔the CS (bell) comes after the US (food)
spontaneous recovery (classical conditioning) - answer✔a partial recovery in strength of the conditioned
response following a break during extinction training
Generalization - answer✔A response conditioned to a particular CS tends to be evoked by stimuli that
are similar to the CS
Discrimination - answer✔If similar stimuli are paired with different UCS, the organism will learn the
different associations
Little Albert Experiment - answer✔Done by Watson where white rat = bang, white rabbit = no bang, he
would eventually learn to fear
the rat but not the rabbit
Systematic desensitization - answer✔exposure therapy based on the principle of classical conditioning.
Overcoming fears through gradual and systematic exposure
11/8/2024 12:08 PM
Psych 111 Exam 1 Questions And Answers
100% Pass
Empiricism (Locke) - answer✔Born as Blank slates (tabula rasa). The view that knowledge originates in
experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation
Structuralism - answer✔an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural
elements of consciousness (the mind).
Functionalism (William James) - answer✔A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and
behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.
Behaviorism (Watson) - answer✔the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only
Cognitive Revolution - answer✔The shift from strict behaviorism towards fundamental problems of
consciousness and internal mental processes.
Descartes - answer✔considered the body and the soul to be ontologically separate but interacting
entities
Locke - answer✔he believed that knowledge was founded in empirical observation and experience
(empiricism)
Watson (Behaviorism) - answer✔Conducted the Little Albert experiment, in which he demonstrated that
a child could be conditioned to fear a previously neutral stimulus.
Skinner - answer✔operant conditioning: Behavior followed by reinforcement increases the chance of
behavior and when behavior is followed by a pleasant state, it is "reinforced")
Introspection - answer✔Rely one's descriptions of sensations they experience in response to some
stimulus, like a picture, and try to break those descriptions down into basic elements
Case study - answer✔an in-depth analysis of one person, group, or event.
naturalistic observation - answer✔Observe behavior in the real world. Natural settings
correlational studies - answer✔Measure two or more things, and find correlations between them
experiments
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/8/2024 12:08 PM
independent variable - answer✔The experimental factor that is manipulated; is the variable whose
effect is being studied.
dependent variable - answer✔The outcome factor; is the variable that may change in response to
manipulations of the independent variable.
confounding variable - answer✔a factor other than the independent variable that might produce an
effect in an experiment
correlational coefficient - answer✔a statistical measure of how closely two variables are associated
Schacter study on anxiety and affiliation - answer✔Anxiety was a strong motivating factor in affiliation.
Being scared, stressed, or anxious made people want to bond together. Done on college students and
were given the option to wait before the shock in groups or not.
Classical conditioning (Pavlov) - answer✔Involuntary behavior/reflex that was originally triggered by a
biologically potent stimulus, is now paired with a previously neutral stimulus. Dog and bell experiment
Extinction of learned responses or associations - answer✔Just as we learn a response, learn an
association, we can unlearn it
Acquisition - answer✔the initial learning of the stimulus-response relationship
Forward Pairing Conditioning - answer✔after classical conditioning; the CS (bell) comes before the US
(food)
Simultaneous pairing conditioning - answer✔the US (food) and CS (bell) occur together
backward pairing conditioning - answer✔the CS (bell) comes after the US (food)
spontaneous recovery (classical conditioning) - answer✔a partial recovery in strength of the conditioned
response following a break during extinction training
Generalization - answer✔A response conditioned to a particular CS tends to be evoked by stimuli that
are similar to the CS
Discrimination - answer✔If similar stimuli are paired with different UCS, the organism will learn the
different associations
Little Albert Experiment - answer✔Done by Watson where white rat = bang, white rabbit = no bang, he
would eventually learn to fear
the rat but not the rabbit
Systematic desensitization - answer✔exposure therapy based on the principle of classical conditioning.
Overcoming fears through gradual and systematic exposure
