ANT 100 Archaeology With Complete Solutions
era - ANSWER a major division of geological time, tens or hundreds of millions of years
long, usually distinguished by significant changes in the plant and animals kingdoms;
also used to denote later archaeological periods, such as the prehistoric era
culture - ANSWER a uniquely human means of nonbiological adaptation; a repertoire of
learned behaviors for coping with the physical and social environments
evolution - ANSWER change over time through shifting conditions of the physical and
cultural environment, with mechanisms of mutation and selection
anthropological archaeology - ANSWER archaeological research to answer the big
questions of humankind and human behavior
prehistory - ANSWER before written record
historical archaeology - ANSWER where archaeology and written record combined
artefacts - ANSWER everything man-made that has been discovered, or anything that
was modified by a human being
site - ANSWER the place where artefacts and/or ecofacts have accumulated that show
evidence of a specific location where human beings lived or carried out distinct
activities
fieldwork - ANSWER the investigation of the landscape for archaeological sites by
means of survey and excavation
surveys - ANS a systematic search of the landscape for artifacts and sites on the ground
through aerial photography, field walking, soil analysis, and geo-physical prospecting
,excavations - ANS the exposure and recording of buried materials from the past
research before fieldwork - ANS libraries/written research about the area, maps and
aerial photos
field notes include - ANS - location, site number, map number, which field, and position
of the field
archaeological material found, types and number of artefacts
observations regarding the site and surroundings
method to locate information from buried sites - ANSWER - soil samples through
auger/corer or test pits
residues of phosphate deposited by bone, faeces, urine etc. indicate human occupation
ground penetrating radar (GPR or georadar) - ANSWER an instrument for remote
sensing or prospecting for buried structures using radar maps of subsoil features;
bounces electromagnetic waves off of subsurface features
roles in an archaeological dig - ANSWER - excavation director
- field crew
excavation director - ANSWER requires knowledge and planning for field, fundraises
money to pay workers, records information, monitors field laboratory
field crew - ANSWER most involved with the labor intensive part of dig
important factors in preservation of a site - ANSWER - age of site
- effects of erosion and deposition
, - bioturbation
- humidity and acidity conditions
bioturbation - ANSWER activities of plants and animals in the earth, causing disturbance
of archaeological materials
factors in selecting a site - ANSWER - rescue excavation from expanding society
- results from survey
result of excavation on a site - ANSWER destruction
characteristics of a site grid - ANSWER - coordinate system for horizontal
measurements
- oriented to local topography
- determined in relation to global latitude and longitude
- control points/site datum located as point or origin for vertical measures
- total station
total station - ANSWER a computerized surveying and mapping instrument that uses a
laser beam or radio waves to measure the distance and angle between the instrument
and the target and then calculates the exact position of the target
archaeological record - ANSWER the body of material and information that survives for
archaeologists to study
context - ANSWER the association and relationships between archaeological objects
that are in the same place
in situ/primary context - ANSWER an artifact that has been found in its original place of
deposition in antiquity, and has not been redeposited
era - ANSWER a major division of geological time, tens or hundreds of millions of years
long, usually distinguished by significant changes in the plant and animals kingdoms;
also used to denote later archaeological periods, such as the prehistoric era
culture - ANSWER a uniquely human means of nonbiological adaptation; a repertoire of
learned behaviors for coping with the physical and social environments
evolution - ANSWER change over time through shifting conditions of the physical and
cultural environment, with mechanisms of mutation and selection
anthropological archaeology - ANSWER archaeological research to answer the big
questions of humankind and human behavior
prehistory - ANSWER before written record
historical archaeology - ANSWER where archaeology and written record combined
artefacts - ANSWER everything man-made that has been discovered, or anything that
was modified by a human being
site - ANSWER the place where artefacts and/or ecofacts have accumulated that show
evidence of a specific location where human beings lived or carried out distinct
activities
fieldwork - ANSWER the investigation of the landscape for archaeological sites by
means of survey and excavation
surveys - ANS a systematic search of the landscape for artifacts and sites on the ground
through aerial photography, field walking, soil analysis, and geo-physical prospecting
,excavations - ANS the exposure and recording of buried materials from the past
research before fieldwork - ANS libraries/written research about the area, maps and
aerial photos
field notes include - ANS - location, site number, map number, which field, and position
of the field
archaeological material found, types and number of artefacts
observations regarding the site and surroundings
method to locate information from buried sites - ANSWER - soil samples through
auger/corer or test pits
residues of phosphate deposited by bone, faeces, urine etc. indicate human occupation
ground penetrating radar (GPR or georadar) - ANSWER an instrument for remote
sensing or prospecting for buried structures using radar maps of subsoil features;
bounces electromagnetic waves off of subsurface features
roles in an archaeological dig - ANSWER - excavation director
- field crew
excavation director - ANSWER requires knowledge and planning for field, fundraises
money to pay workers, records information, monitors field laboratory
field crew - ANSWER most involved with the labor intensive part of dig
important factors in preservation of a site - ANSWER - age of site
- effects of erosion and deposition
, - bioturbation
- humidity and acidity conditions
bioturbation - ANSWER activities of plants and animals in the earth, causing disturbance
of archaeological materials
factors in selecting a site - ANSWER - rescue excavation from expanding society
- results from survey
result of excavation on a site - ANSWER destruction
characteristics of a site grid - ANSWER - coordinate system for horizontal
measurements
- oriented to local topography
- determined in relation to global latitude and longitude
- control points/site datum located as point or origin for vertical measures
- total station
total station - ANSWER a computerized surveying and mapping instrument that uses a
laser beam or radio waves to measure the distance and angle between the instrument
and the target and then calculates the exact position of the target
archaeological record - ANSWER the body of material and information that survives for
archaeologists to study
context - ANSWER the association and relationships between archaeological objects
that are in the same place
in situ/primary context - ANSWER an artifact that has been found in its original place of
deposition in antiquity, and has not been redeposited
