ANT 100 MIDTERM EXAM WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE
what is anthropology - ANS holistic study of human beings
what is evolutionary anthropology? - ANS applying the modern theory of evolution to
research in morphology, ecology, and behaviour of humans and non-human primates
5 sub-disciplines of evolutionary anthropology - ANS primatology
paleoanthropology
human variation
medical anthropology
forensic anthropology
what is primatology - ANS scientific study of non-human primates
how do evo-anthro conduct research? - ANS scientific method
scientific method- ANSWER - state the problem
- gather info
- form a hypothesis
- test the hypothesis
- record and analyze
- state the conlc
- repeat the work until you draw the exact same conclusions
,4 problems for evo-anthrpologists- ANSWER - how old is the earth
- fixity of species
- lack of scientific method
- separate creation for humans and animals
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) - ANSWER - father of modern taxonomy
-initiated binomial nomenclation
- descriptions were based on physical similarities but he did not believe in evolution
- classified humans to the same category with the gorillas and chimps
binomial nomenclation - ANSWER - Classification system in which each species is
assigned a two-part scientific name
-genus is capitalized and the species is always the lower case
georges-louis leclerc - ANSWER -founded biogeography
-said why animals are found in some places and not in others
- had to recant all of it because of the church
jean baptiste lamarack - ANSWER - inheritance of acquired characteristics, vital forces
within the creatures to help adapt to the environment
- acquired traits: developed through use and disuse passed onto first generations
- under intense pressure either adapt or die, special type of liquid within a living
organism which passed on to cause them to evolve into changing their form
natural selection - ANSWER - all have common ancestors
- some can reproduce and survive better than others
- only those that survive having favourable characteristics can adapt best to their
environment
,3 postulates of darwinian evolution - ANSWER 1) Struggle for existence- space and
resources are limited, competition between populations
2) Variation in fitness: some individuals have a slight advantage who can produce more
offspring
3) Inheritance of variation: needs to be passed from parent to offspring to work,
disadvantageous genes disappear
Sexual Selection - ANSWER - Certain evolutionary traits can be explained competition,
to catch the eyes of females
-Darwin reasoned that natures can select for traits and members of the opposite sex can
select for traits
Alfred Russel Wallace -ANSWER- Collected orgaisms to sell back to scientists in europe
from malaysia
-Noticed diverse life in the jungle and wondered how life could be so diverse, wondered
if nature was selection for individuals
-Basically had the same ideas as charles darwin but nobody cares about him
Survival of the fittest - ANSWER - Herbert spencer
- Proclaimed wrongly that a struggle for existence in human society leads, in effect, to
evolution
- Argued against policies, like charities, might interfere with process of producing fit
individuals and institutions
modes of selection - ANSWER directional, stabilizing, disruptive
directional selection - ANSWER Favour higher or lower values of a chataver than
current average value
Stabilizing selection - ANWER - When average phenotype it fittest
, - Selects against extreme values and reduces variations
disruptive selection - ANSWER Both extremes of a range of phenotypes are favoured
against those intermediate between them
fitness - ANSWER Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
sexual selection - ANSWER A form of natural selection in which individuals with certain
inherited characteristics are more likely than other individuals to obtain mates.
gregor mendel conclusions - ANSWER - figured each plant has two copies of a factor
like height
- If plants breed true, one trait will mask the other trait
- Came up with recessive and dominant genes kinda
macroevolution - ANSWER how relationship is amongst species as a whole
somatic sex cells - ANSWER Contain genetic code
recombination - ANSWER process by which two homologous chromosomes exchange
genetic material during gamete formation
chromosomes - ANSWER - DNA wrapped tightly around itself in a different structure
- Lives in the nucleus
DNA four bases - ANSWER Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
DNA - ANSWER - Outside is held together by strong sugar phosphate bonds
Contains code to build protein
Organic material and needs to make copies of itself
SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE
what is anthropology - ANS holistic study of human beings
what is evolutionary anthropology? - ANS applying the modern theory of evolution to
research in morphology, ecology, and behaviour of humans and non-human primates
5 sub-disciplines of evolutionary anthropology - ANS primatology
paleoanthropology
human variation
medical anthropology
forensic anthropology
what is primatology - ANS scientific study of non-human primates
how do evo-anthro conduct research? - ANS scientific method
scientific method- ANSWER - state the problem
- gather info
- form a hypothesis
- test the hypothesis
- record and analyze
- state the conlc
- repeat the work until you draw the exact same conclusions
,4 problems for evo-anthrpologists- ANSWER - how old is the earth
- fixity of species
- lack of scientific method
- separate creation for humans and animals
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) - ANSWER - father of modern taxonomy
-initiated binomial nomenclation
- descriptions were based on physical similarities but he did not believe in evolution
- classified humans to the same category with the gorillas and chimps
binomial nomenclation - ANSWER - Classification system in which each species is
assigned a two-part scientific name
-genus is capitalized and the species is always the lower case
georges-louis leclerc - ANSWER -founded biogeography
-said why animals are found in some places and not in others
- had to recant all of it because of the church
jean baptiste lamarack - ANSWER - inheritance of acquired characteristics, vital forces
within the creatures to help adapt to the environment
- acquired traits: developed through use and disuse passed onto first generations
- under intense pressure either adapt or die, special type of liquid within a living
organism which passed on to cause them to evolve into changing their form
natural selection - ANSWER - all have common ancestors
- some can reproduce and survive better than others
- only those that survive having favourable characteristics can adapt best to their
environment
,3 postulates of darwinian evolution - ANSWER 1) Struggle for existence- space and
resources are limited, competition between populations
2) Variation in fitness: some individuals have a slight advantage who can produce more
offspring
3) Inheritance of variation: needs to be passed from parent to offspring to work,
disadvantageous genes disappear
Sexual Selection - ANSWER - Certain evolutionary traits can be explained competition,
to catch the eyes of females
-Darwin reasoned that natures can select for traits and members of the opposite sex can
select for traits
Alfred Russel Wallace -ANSWER- Collected orgaisms to sell back to scientists in europe
from malaysia
-Noticed diverse life in the jungle and wondered how life could be so diverse, wondered
if nature was selection for individuals
-Basically had the same ideas as charles darwin but nobody cares about him
Survival of the fittest - ANSWER - Herbert spencer
- Proclaimed wrongly that a struggle for existence in human society leads, in effect, to
evolution
- Argued against policies, like charities, might interfere with process of producing fit
individuals and institutions
modes of selection - ANSWER directional, stabilizing, disruptive
directional selection - ANSWER Favour higher or lower values of a chataver than
current average value
Stabilizing selection - ANWER - When average phenotype it fittest
, - Selects against extreme values and reduces variations
disruptive selection - ANSWER Both extremes of a range of phenotypes are favoured
against those intermediate between them
fitness - ANSWER Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
sexual selection - ANSWER A form of natural selection in which individuals with certain
inherited characteristics are more likely than other individuals to obtain mates.
gregor mendel conclusions - ANSWER - figured each plant has two copies of a factor
like height
- If plants breed true, one trait will mask the other trait
- Came up with recessive and dominant genes kinda
macroevolution - ANSWER how relationship is amongst species as a whole
somatic sex cells - ANSWER Contain genetic code
recombination - ANSWER process by which two homologous chromosomes exchange
genetic material during gamete formation
chromosomes - ANSWER - DNA wrapped tightly around itself in a different structure
- Lives in the nucleus
DNA four bases - ANSWER Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
DNA - ANSWER - Outside is held together by strong sugar phosphate bonds
Contains code to build protein
Organic material and needs to make copies of itself
