ASCP Hematology Review

Name the locations of active marrow in adults: - answersternum, skull, ribs, pelvis, vertebrae Where does hematopoiesis take place during the first 2 months of gestation? - answeryolk sac Where does the majority of hematopoiesis take place during the 2nd through 7th month of gestation? - answerspleen When does the bone marrow take over hematopoiesis? - answerafter birth What are the stages in order of the erythrocyte lineage? - answer(1)rubriblast, (2)prorubricyte, (3)rubricyte, (4)metarubricyte, (5)reticulocyte, (6)erytrocyte What are the stages in order of the granulocyte (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil) lineage? - answer(1)myeloblast, (2)promyelocyte, (3)myelocyte, (4)metamyelocyte, (5)band, (6)segmented (7)eos/baso What are the stages in order of the macrophage lineage? - answer(1)monoblast, (2)promonocyte, (3)monocyte, (4)macrophage What are the stages in order of the platelet lineage? - answer(1)megakaryoblast, (2)promegakaryocyte, (3)megakaryocyte, (4)platelet What are the stages in order of the lymphocyte lineage? - answer(1)lymphoblast, (2)prolymphocyte, (3)lymphocyte Which growth factors stimulate the erythrocyte lineage? - answergm-CSF, EPO, IL-3 Which growth factors stimulate the granulocyte lineages? - answergm-CSF, IL-3 Which growth factors stimulate the platelet lineage? - answergm-CSF, IL-3, TPO Which growth factors stimulate the lymphocyte lineage? - answeril-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7 Which protein functions in the transport of Fe? - answertransferrin What is the major storage form of Fe? - answerferritin What is the long-term (H20) insoluble Fe storage form called? - answerhemosiderin Excess Iron is stored where? What does this cause? - answertissues and body organs, hemosiderosis, hemochromatosis Porphyrias are attributed to? - answerexcessive formation of porphrins due to blockages in any enzymatic step in the heme synthesis pathway. Red or port wine colored urine can be seen in which condition related to the build up of heme precursors? - answerporphyria Neuropsychiatirc symptoms are seen when a build up of which precursors occurs? - answerearly precursors (Delta-aminolevulinic acid/Porphobilinogen) Cutaneous symptoms such as photo-sensitivity and facial hair are seen when a build up of which precursors occurs? - answerlater precursors (uroporphyrinogen/coproporphyrinogen, protoporphyrin/heme) Synthesis of heme requires what two components? - answeriron, protoporphyrin What are the heme precursors in order of synthesis? - answer(1)delta-aminolevulinic acid, (2)porphobilinogen, (3)uroporphyrinogen, (4)coproporphyrinogen, (5)protoporphyrin, (6)heme What type of hemoglobin is seen primarily in newborns? - answerhgb F What type of hemoglobin is seen primarily in adults? - answerhgb A2 What type of hemoglobin is rarely seen in adults as well as newborns? - answerhgb A What hemoglobin types are seen in embryos but not in adults or newborns? - answergower I, gower II, portland All non-embryonic hemoglobin types are comprised of what type of globin chain? - answeralpha Hemoglobin A2 is composed of what types of globin chains? - answeralpha, beta Hemoglobin A is composed of what types of globin chains? - answeralpha, delta Hemoglobin F is composed of what types of globin chains? - answeralpha, gamma Multiple transfusions can cause what kind of shift in the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve? - answerleft shift An increase in hemoglobin F can cause what kind of shift in the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve? - answerleft shift A left shift in the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve causes what changes in the following substances: CO2, ph, 2,3-DPG? - answerincreased ph, decreased CO2, decreased 2,3-DPG A right shift in the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve causes what changes in the following substances: CO2, ph, 2,3-DPG? - answerdecreased ph, increased CO2, increased 2,3-DPG How does EDTA work as an anticoagulant? - answerit chelates Ca++ How does heparin work as an anticoagulant? - answerit is an anti-thrombin agent Hemoglobin is measured by its conversion to what? By? - answercyanomethemoglobin, potassium cyanide, potassium ferricyanide What are potential sources of error in the measurement of hemoglobin? - answerlipemia, icterus, high white count, resistant hemoglobins (SS, CC) What is the normal reference range of hemoglobin for males? - answer14-18 g/dl What is the normal reference range of hemoglobin for females? - answer12-16 g/dl Methemoglobin carries iron in what state? - answeroxidized (Fe3+) What color is methemoglobin? - answerbrown True or False: Methemoglobin can bind O2. - answerfalse What causes an increase in carboxyhemoglobin? - answersmoking, carbon monoxide poisoning What color is carboxyhemoglobin? - answercherry red What does the hematocrit measure? - answerpacked cell volume in a percentage What are sources of error seen in using the microhematocrit method to measure the hematocrit? - answerfailure to seal tube adequately, incorrect reading due to uneven clay plug, inappropriate centrifuge specs, excess EDTA resulting in RBC shrinkage How is the hematocrit measured using automated methods? - answercalculated from MCV and