DH244 Final Exam Study Guide
What are the 4 tissues of the periodontium? - Answer gingiva, cementum, periodontal
ligament, alveolar bone
When looking at the attached gingiva, list some specifics of this tissue....where located,
where widest, etc. - Answer Between the MGJ and free gingiva; attached to bone
Widest in incisor/molar region, narrowest in premolar region
List specific characteristics of cementum, PDL and bone - Answer - Cementum covers
the root surface, mineralized CT, gives attachment to PDL collagen fibers, protects
underlying dentin, avascular
- PDL covers the root and attaches it to the bone, composed of fiber bundles attaching
to the cementum on one side and alveolar bone on the other, soft CT
- Alveolar bone is mineralized CT, forms the sockets that provide support and protection
for the roots, its dependent on the presence of teeth
Know the locations of the oral epithelium, the sulcular epithelium and the junctional
epithelium - Answer OE - covers the free and attached gingiva, faces oral cavity
SE - lines the sulcus, faces the tooth surface
JE - located at the base of the sulcus, attaches gingiva to tooth
When studying periodontology, why is the junctional epithelium important? - Answer It's
a protective barrier between biofilm and the CT
Differentiate between epithelial cells versus connective tissue cells of the periodontium.
- Answer - CT fills the spaces between the tissues and organs; fibroblasts,
macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes; cementum, dentin, alveolar bone, pulp are
specialized forms of CT
- Epithelial tissue makes up the outer surface of the body, lines body cavities; avascular,
receive their oxygen/nutrients from underlying CT
Be able to identify fibers of the gingival fiber bundle versus fibers of the PDL - Answer
*Gingival Fiber Bundles *
Circlular
Intercircular
Alveologingival
Interpapillary
,Dentogingival
Transgingival
PG, TS, IG
*PDL Fibers*
Alveolar Crest
Horizontal
Interradicular
Oblique
Apical
What are the three relationships that cementum may have with the enamel surface of
the tooth crown? - Answer O - overlap 60%
M - meet 30%
G - gap 10%
What are the differences between gingivitis and periodontitis on a histologic level? -
Answer *Gingivitis*
JE at CEJ
Supragingival fiber destruction
Bone intact
PDL intact
*Periodontitis*
JE on cementum
Supragingival fiber destruction
Bone destruction
PDL destruction
Rete pegs will be present at early stage of gingivitis
What are the characteristics of the alveolar bone in health, gingivitis, and periodontitis?
- Answer Health - crest is located ~ 2mm apical the CEJ
Gingivitis - crest is located ~ 2mm apical the CEJ
, Periodontitis - crest is located
What is horizontal bone loss? - Answer Most common, fairly even overall reduction in
bone height
What is vertical bone loss? - Answer Angular, localized
Uneven reduction in bone height, more rapid progression on bone loss, leaves a trench
like area of missing bone, infrabony defect
Identify which fiber is regenerated continuously, even in the presence of severe clinical
attachment loss? - Answer Transseptal
What is an infrabony pocket and how are they classified? - Answer Vertical bone loss
Occurs when there is bone loss, JE is apical to the crest of the alveolar bone
Classified by three wall, two wall, one wall, combined bony defect (BONY WALLS
REMANING)
How does inflammation spread into the bone? - Answer Horizontal - gingival CT to
alveolar bone to PDL
Vertical - gingival CT to PDL to alveolar bone
How is radiographic bone loss on radiographs determined? - Answer ADA I - no bone
loss
ADA II - slight bone loss, 1-2 mm CAL
ADA III - moderate bone loss, 3-4 mm CAL
ADA IV - severe bone loss, >= 5 mm CAL
How is classification of bone loss measured? - Answer CAL
What is a pseudopocket? When might you encounter this type of pocket? - Answer False
pockets because there is no PDL fibers or alveolar bone destruction
Swelling of the margin
What are the four classifications of furcations? - Answer Grade I - early, can enter
concavity
Grade II - moderate, can enter but not all the way through
Grade III - severe, can go all the way through
Grade IV - same as III but clinically visible
How do localized and generalized periodontitis differ? - Answer Localized will only be in
What are the 4 tissues of the periodontium? - Answer gingiva, cementum, periodontal
ligament, alveolar bone
When looking at the attached gingiva, list some specifics of this tissue....where located,
where widest, etc. - Answer Between the MGJ and free gingiva; attached to bone
Widest in incisor/molar region, narrowest in premolar region
List specific characteristics of cementum, PDL and bone - Answer - Cementum covers
the root surface, mineralized CT, gives attachment to PDL collagen fibers, protects
underlying dentin, avascular
- PDL covers the root and attaches it to the bone, composed of fiber bundles attaching
to the cementum on one side and alveolar bone on the other, soft CT
- Alveolar bone is mineralized CT, forms the sockets that provide support and protection
for the roots, its dependent on the presence of teeth
Know the locations of the oral epithelium, the sulcular epithelium and the junctional
epithelium - Answer OE - covers the free and attached gingiva, faces oral cavity
SE - lines the sulcus, faces the tooth surface
JE - located at the base of the sulcus, attaches gingiva to tooth
When studying periodontology, why is the junctional epithelium important? - Answer It's
a protective barrier between biofilm and the CT
Differentiate between epithelial cells versus connective tissue cells of the periodontium.
- Answer - CT fills the spaces between the tissues and organs; fibroblasts,
macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes; cementum, dentin, alveolar bone, pulp are
specialized forms of CT
- Epithelial tissue makes up the outer surface of the body, lines body cavities; avascular,
receive their oxygen/nutrients from underlying CT
Be able to identify fibers of the gingival fiber bundle versus fibers of the PDL - Answer
*Gingival Fiber Bundles *
Circlular
Intercircular
Alveologingival
Interpapillary
,Dentogingival
Transgingival
PG, TS, IG
*PDL Fibers*
Alveolar Crest
Horizontal
Interradicular
Oblique
Apical
What are the three relationships that cementum may have with the enamel surface of
the tooth crown? - Answer O - overlap 60%
M - meet 30%
G - gap 10%
What are the differences between gingivitis and periodontitis on a histologic level? -
Answer *Gingivitis*
JE at CEJ
Supragingival fiber destruction
Bone intact
PDL intact
*Periodontitis*
JE on cementum
Supragingival fiber destruction
Bone destruction
PDL destruction
Rete pegs will be present at early stage of gingivitis
What are the characteristics of the alveolar bone in health, gingivitis, and periodontitis?
- Answer Health - crest is located ~ 2mm apical the CEJ
Gingivitis - crest is located ~ 2mm apical the CEJ
, Periodontitis - crest is located
What is horizontal bone loss? - Answer Most common, fairly even overall reduction in
bone height
What is vertical bone loss? - Answer Angular, localized
Uneven reduction in bone height, more rapid progression on bone loss, leaves a trench
like area of missing bone, infrabony defect
Identify which fiber is regenerated continuously, even in the presence of severe clinical
attachment loss? - Answer Transseptal
What is an infrabony pocket and how are they classified? - Answer Vertical bone loss
Occurs when there is bone loss, JE is apical to the crest of the alveolar bone
Classified by three wall, two wall, one wall, combined bony defect (BONY WALLS
REMANING)
How does inflammation spread into the bone? - Answer Horizontal - gingival CT to
alveolar bone to PDL
Vertical - gingival CT to PDL to alveolar bone
How is radiographic bone loss on radiographs determined? - Answer ADA I - no bone
loss
ADA II - slight bone loss, 1-2 mm CAL
ADA III - moderate bone loss, 3-4 mm CAL
ADA IV - severe bone loss, >= 5 mm CAL
How is classification of bone loss measured? - Answer CAL
What is a pseudopocket? When might you encounter this type of pocket? - Answer False
pockets because there is no PDL fibers or alveolar bone destruction
Swelling of the margin
What are the four classifications of furcations? - Answer Grade I - early, can enter
concavity
Grade II - moderate, can enter but not all the way through
Grade III - severe, can go all the way through
Grade IV - same as III but clinically visible
How do localized and generalized periodontitis differ? - Answer Localized will only be in
