EAPS 106 - Exam 2
How do we know the Washington and Oregon coasts have
experienced large numbers of tsunamis? - ✔ ✔ layers
within buried sand deposits along the coast
What the Volcano Explosivity Index (VEI) measure? - ✔ ✔
the amount of ash and rock ejected
What type of scale is the VEI? - ✔ ✔ logarithmic (each
magnitude is 10 times larger than the previous)
What was one notable effects of 1887 Krakatoa eruption? - ✔
✔ the famous Scream painting was inspired by the color
change of the sunsets due to the sulfur dioxide emissions
What was the cause of the tsunami that killed 36,000 people in
Indonesia in 1883? - ✔ ✔ the 1883 Krakatoa eruption
What was the death toll for the Indonesian tsunami and why was
it so high? - ✔ ✔ 165,945 people; there was no real early
warning system
What was the largest recorded tsunami run up? - ✔ ✔ in
1958, a landslide caused by an avalanche in Lituya Bay, Alaska
,caused a tsunami that ran up the side of a nearby cliff to height
of nearly 524 meters
How does magma viscosity relate to explosive potential? - ✔
✔ higher viscosity magma is less likely to be able to flow
through cracks at the surface to relieve pressure
How does the DART tsunami early warning system work? - ✔
✔ pressure sensors on the seafloor transmit via acoustic
signals to buoys which forward signals to satellites giving path
and size estimates around 15 minutes after an under-sea
earthquake
How is a large explosive eruption likely to influence Earth's
climate? - ✔ ✔ they can cause global cooling due the large
amounts of sulfur dioxide gas which reacts with water and
oxygen in the atmosphere to produce sulfuric acid droplets
which block out sunlight
How long does it take a tsunami to cross the Pacific ocean? - ✔
✔ 7 hours
How many large explosive eruptions has Yellowstone
experienced in the past 2 million years? - ✔ ✔ 1 VEI 7, 3
VEI 7+ (<8), and 2 VEI 8 eruptions
, How may have giant flood basalts have contributed to mass
extinctions? - ✔ ✔ large amounts of greenhouse gas
emissions leading the global warming and acid rains
What were some effects of the 1815 Tambora eruption? - ✔
✔ 1. a global cooling of 1 degree Celsius
2. the creation of iconic monsters (discussed in more detail in
another card)
3. the "mass exodus" of New England farmers (possibly causing
the founding of Indiana) due to poor harvests
How do we know Yellowstone is a hotspot volcano? - ✔ ✔ it
lies at the end of a trail of extinct volcanos (formed as plate
moved over the hot spot)
How does gas content relate to explosive potential? - ✔ ✔
higher gas content causes a greater build up of pressure
because it is more difficult for all the gas to escape
Approximately how many people have been killed by tsunamis in
the past 1000 years? - ✔ ✔ several hundred thousand
people (despite tsunamis potentially being very avoidable)
How do we know the Washington and Oregon coasts have
experienced large numbers of tsunamis? - ✔ ✔ layers
within buried sand deposits along the coast
What the Volcano Explosivity Index (VEI) measure? - ✔ ✔
the amount of ash and rock ejected
What type of scale is the VEI? - ✔ ✔ logarithmic (each
magnitude is 10 times larger than the previous)
What was one notable effects of 1887 Krakatoa eruption? - ✔
✔ the famous Scream painting was inspired by the color
change of the sunsets due to the sulfur dioxide emissions
What was the cause of the tsunami that killed 36,000 people in
Indonesia in 1883? - ✔ ✔ the 1883 Krakatoa eruption
What was the death toll for the Indonesian tsunami and why was
it so high? - ✔ ✔ 165,945 people; there was no real early
warning system
What was the largest recorded tsunami run up? - ✔ ✔ in
1958, a landslide caused by an avalanche in Lituya Bay, Alaska
,caused a tsunami that ran up the side of a nearby cliff to height
of nearly 524 meters
How does magma viscosity relate to explosive potential? - ✔
✔ higher viscosity magma is less likely to be able to flow
through cracks at the surface to relieve pressure
How does the DART tsunami early warning system work? - ✔
✔ pressure sensors on the seafloor transmit via acoustic
signals to buoys which forward signals to satellites giving path
and size estimates around 15 minutes after an under-sea
earthquake
How is a large explosive eruption likely to influence Earth's
climate? - ✔ ✔ they can cause global cooling due the large
amounts of sulfur dioxide gas which reacts with water and
oxygen in the atmosphere to produce sulfuric acid droplets
which block out sunlight
How long does it take a tsunami to cross the Pacific ocean? - ✔
✔ 7 hours
How many large explosive eruptions has Yellowstone
experienced in the past 2 million years? - ✔ ✔ 1 VEI 7, 3
VEI 7+ (<8), and 2 VEI 8 eruptions
, How may have giant flood basalts have contributed to mass
extinctions? - ✔ ✔ large amounts of greenhouse gas
emissions leading the global warming and acid rains
What were some effects of the 1815 Tambora eruption? - ✔
✔ 1. a global cooling of 1 degree Celsius
2. the creation of iconic monsters (discussed in more detail in
another card)
3. the "mass exodus" of New England farmers (possibly causing
the founding of Indiana) due to poor harvests
How do we know Yellowstone is a hotspot volcano? - ✔ ✔ it
lies at the end of a trail of extinct volcanos (formed as plate
moved over the hot spot)
How does gas content relate to explosive potential? - ✔ ✔
higher gas content causes a greater build up of pressure
because it is more difficult for all the gas to escape
Approximately how many people have been killed by tsunamis in
the past 1000 years? - ✔ ✔ several hundred thousand
people (despite tsunamis potentially being very avoidable)
