Pool Operator Exam Expert Verified 2024\2025
whole range chlorine in a pool: ____ to _____ - ✔1, 5
ideal range chlorine in a pool: ____ to _____ - ✔2, 4
whole range chlorine in a spa: ____ to _____ - ✔2, 10
ideal range chlorine in a spa: ____ to _____ - ✔3, 5
4 types of solid chlorine - ✔calcium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, trichlor, dichlor
liquid chlorine - ✔sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)
how active is gas chlorine - ✔100%
the active killing form of chlorine in water - ✔hypochlorous acid (HOCl)
HOCl = ______ - ✔H+ (hydrogen ion) + OCl- (hypochlorite ion)
most common granular chlorine (pH range) - ✔calcium hypochlorite (8.5 - 11, used to super chlorinate
water)
not common form of chlorine due to low active strength (pH) - ✔lithium hypochlorite (10.8)
tablet/stick chlorine usually used in erosion feeder (pH - what will it do?) - ✔trichlor (2.8 - 3.5, lower
alkalinity and pH over time)
salt used as a disinfectant (pH) - ✔dichlor (6.7 - common in vinyl lined pools)
most common type of chlorine used (pH) - ✔sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl - 13)
______ needs special training to use and has a pH of ____ and will _____ when added to water - ✔gas
chlorine, 0, lower pH
chlorine is most effective as a pH of _____ - ✔7.5
active disinfectant in the water - ✔free chlorine (FC)
FC is determined by the ______ test and is maintained between ____ and ____ ppm - ✔DPD, 2, 4
equal to the amount of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and the amt of hypochlorite ions (OCl-) - ✔free
chlorine (fc)
the result of free chlorine reacting with organic compounds - ✔combine chlorine (CC)
common name and max for pools and spas for combine chlorine - ✔chloramines, 0.2, 0.5
CC = - ✔TC - FC
what will a DPD measure - ✔TC, FC
, how much CC should a pool have ideally - ✔zero
shocking the pool is also called - ✔breakpoint chlorination
breakpoint chlorination is the conversion of ________ into ______ - ✔combine chlorine, nitrogen gas
breakpoint chlorination equation - ✔BPC = 10 x CC [BPC = 10 x (TC - FC)]
whole cyanuric acid range: _____ to ______ppm - ✔0, 100
ideal cyanuric acid range: _____ to ______ ppm - ✔30, 50
acts as a protection for chlorine compounds from UV light - ✔cyanuric acid
CyA will act as a stabilizer for _______ but does not
stabilize ________ - ✔free chlorine, bromine
The only way to reduce CyA concentration is to _______ - ✔dilute the water and replace it
whole range of bromine: ____ to _____ - ✔2, 10
ideal range of bromine: _____ to ______ - ✔4, 6
second most common disinfectant in the pool - ✔bromine
two types of bromine used - ✔sodium bromide, solid bromide
Bromine in natural form is a ______ but is in _____ form when
added to pools - ✔reddish brown liquid, solid
__________ is similar to hypochlorous acid - ✔hypobromous acid
bromine releases _____ and _____ when added to water - ✔hypobromite ion, hydrogen ion
bromine will ______ pH when added to water - ✔lower
whole range of pH: ____to_____ - ✔7.2, 7.8
ideal range of pH: ____ to ____ - ✔7.4, 7.6
things that influence pH (6) - ✔swimmer waste, disinfectants, water source, air borne debris, chemical
balance, evaporation
low pH leads to (3) - ✔corrosive water, surface staining, surface etching
if you have low pH, you must add - ✔soda ash (caustic soda - sodium carbonate)
high pH leads to (5) - ✔scaling water, cloudy water, clogged filters, reduced circulation, eye/skin irritation
if you have high pH, you must add ____ or _____ - ✔muriatic acid, sodium bisulfate
whole range chlorine in a pool: ____ to _____ - ✔1, 5
ideal range chlorine in a pool: ____ to _____ - ✔2, 4
whole range chlorine in a spa: ____ to _____ - ✔2, 10
ideal range chlorine in a spa: ____ to _____ - ✔3, 5
4 types of solid chlorine - ✔calcium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, trichlor, dichlor
liquid chlorine - ✔sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)
how active is gas chlorine - ✔100%
the active killing form of chlorine in water - ✔hypochlorous acid (HOCl)
HOCl = ______ - ✔H+ (hydrogen ion) + OCl- (hypochlorite ion)
most common granular chlorine (pH range) - ✔calcium hypochlorite (8.5 - 11, used to super chlorinate
water)
not common form of chlorine due to low active strength (pH) - ✔lithium hypochlorite (10.8)
tablet/stick chlorine usually used in erosion feeder (pH - what will it do?) - ✔trichlor (2.8 - 3.5, lower
alkalinity and pH over time)
salt used as a disinfectant (pH) - ✔dichlor (6.7 - common in vinyl lined pools)
most common type of chlorine used (pH) - ✔sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl - 13)
______ needs special training to use and has a pH of ____ and will _____ when added to water - ✔gas
chlorine, 0, lower pH
chlorine is most effective as a pH of _____ - ✔7.5
active disinfectant in the water - ✔free chlorine (FC)
FC is determined by the ______ test and is maintained between ____ and ____ ppm - ✔DPD, 2, 4
equal to the amount of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and the amt of hypochlorite ions (OCl-) - ✔free
chlorine (fc)
the result of free chlorine reacting with organic compounds - ✔combine chlorine (CC)
common name and max for pools and spas for combine chlorine - ✔chloramines, 0.2, 0.5
CC = - ✔TC - FC
what will a DPD measure - ✔TC, FC
, how much CC should a pool have ideally - ✔zero
shocking the pool is also called - ✔breakpoint chlorination
breakpoint chlorination is the conversion of ________ into ______ - ✔combine chlorine, nitrogen gas
breakpoint chlorination equation - ✔BPC = 10 x CC [BPC = 10 x (TC - FC)]
whole cyanuric acid range: _____ to ______ppm - ✔0, 100
ideal cyanuric acid range: _____ to ______ ppm - ✔30, 50
acts as a protection for chlorine compounds from UV light - ✔cyanuric acid
CyA will act as a stabilizer for _______ but does not
stabilize ________ - ✔free chlorine, bromine
The only way to reduce CyA concentration is to _______ - ✔dilute the water and replace it
whole range of bromine: ____ to _____ - ✔2, 10
ideal range of bromine: _____ to ______ - ✔4, 6
second most common disinfectant in the pool - ✔bromine
two types of bromine used - ✔sodium bromide, solid bromide
Bromine in natural form is a ______ but is in _____ form when
added to pools - ✔reddish brown liquid, solid
__________ is similar to hypochlorous acid - ✔hypobromous acid
bromine releases _____ and _____ when added to water - ✔hypobromite ion, hydrogen ion
bromine will ______ pH when added to water - ✔lower
whole range of pH: ____to_____ - ✔7.2, 7.8
ideal range of pH: ____ to ____ - ✔7.4, 7.6
things that influence pH (6) - ✔swimmer waste, disinfectants, water source, air borne debris, chemical
balance, evaporation
low pH leads to (3) - ✔corrosive water, surface staining, surface etching
if you have low pH, you must add - ✔soda ash (caustic soda - sodium carbonate)
high pH leads to (5) - ✔scaling water, cloudy water, clogged filters, reduced circulation, eye/skin irritation
if you have high pH, you must add ____ or _____ - ✔muriatic acid, sodium bisulfate
