CCRN REVIEW
Heart rate (HR) - ✔60-100 beats/min
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) - ✔70-105 mmHg
Cardiac output (CO) - ✔4-5 L/min
Cardiac index (CI) - ✔2.5-4.5 L/min/m2
Stroke volume (SV) - ✔50-100 ml/beat
Stroke index (SI) - ✔35-60 ml/m2/beat
Right arterial pressure (RAP) - ✔4-8 mmHg
Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) - ✔Systolic 15-30 mmHg
Diastolic 5-15 mmHg
Pulmonary artery occlusive pressure (PAOP) - ✔8-12 mmHg
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) - ✔800-1200 dynes/sec/cm-5
Systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) - ✔1970-2390 dynes/se/com-5/m2
Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) - ✔100-250 dynes/sec/cm-5
Pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) - ✔255-285 dyens/sec/cim-5/m2
Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) - ✔95-100%
Venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) - ✔60-80%
Delivery of oxygen (DO2) - ✔550-650 ml/min/m2
Oxygen consumption (VO2) - ✔200-250 ml/min
Inferior leads and artery - cardiac - ✔Lead II, III, aVF - RCA
Anterior septal leads and artery - cardiac - ✔Lead V1, V2 - LM
Anterior leads and artery - cardiac - ✔Lead V3, V4 - LAD
Low lateral lead and artery - cardiac - ✔Lead V5, V6 - LCX
High lateral lead - cardiac - ✔Lead I, aVL
Symptoms of Left heart failure - ✔Orthopnea, dyspnea, crackles, Low PaO2, SaO2 & SpO2, S3 & S4,
Increased PAOP & PA pressures
Symptoms of Right heart failure - ✔JVD, Peripheral edema, Hepatomegaly, Increased CVP/RAP, S3 & S4
, Symptoms of Systolic heart failure - ✔Decreased stroke volume, decreased ejection fraction, S3 and
enlarged heart
Symptoms of Diastolic heart failure - ✔Decreased stroke volume, normal ejection fraction, S4, normal
heart size
Laboratory signs of DIC - ✔Decreased platelets
Increased PT/INR
Increased aPTT
Decreased fibrinogen
Increased FSP
Increased D-Dimer
Physical signs of DIC - ✔Hypotension, Petechia, Purpura, Bruising, Bleeding in oral, GI/GU, or pulmonary
Chvostek's Sign - ✔Facial muscle twitching when cheek is tapped - Hypocalcemia
Trousseau's Sign - ✔Spasming of the hand when the bp cuff is inflated beyong systolic pressure for >3
min - Hypocalcemia
Grey Turner's Sign - ✔Bruising of the flanks, appearing as a blue discoloration - retroperitoneal bleed
Cullen's Sign - ✔Superficial edema and bruising in the subcutaneous fatty tissue around the umbilicus -
Intraperitoneal bleed
Kehr's Sign - ✔Acute pain in the tip of the shoulder when a person is lying down and the legs are
elevated - splenic rupture
Calculation of anion gap - ✔(Na + K) - (CL + HCO3) *Cations - Anions
Normal is < 15
PaO2/FiO2 Ratio (P/F ratio) - ✔Measures the difference between oxygen content in PaO2 divided by the
FiO2. Used to predict shunting and hypoxemia
<300 = ALI
<200 = ARDS
Acute Respiratory Failure - ✔PaO2 <60 mmHg
PaCO2 >50 mmHg
pH <7.30
Acute Lung Injury & ARDS - ✔Cxr - bilateral diffuse infiltrates with no cardiac enlargement (white-out or
ground-glass appearance)
P/F ratio: (<200 ARDS; <300 for ALI)
Heart rate (HR) - ✔60-100 beats/min
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) - ✔70-105 mmHg
Cardiac output (CO) - ✔4-5 L/min
Cardiac index (CI) - ✔2.5-4.5 L/min/m2
Stroke volume (SV) - ✔50-100 ml/beat
Stroke index (SI) - ✔35-60 ml/m2/beat
Right arterial pressure (RAP) - ✔4-8 mmHg
Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) - ✔Systolic 15-30 mmHg
Diastolic 5-15 mmHg
Pulmonary artery occlusive pressure (PAOP) - ✔8-12 mmHg
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) - ✔800-1200 dynes/sec/cm-5
Systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) - ✔1970-2390 dynes/se/com-5/m2
Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) - ✔100-250 dynes/sec/cm-5
Pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) - ✔255-285 dyens/sec/cim-5/m2
Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) - ✔95-100%
Venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) - ✔60-80%
Delivery of oxygen (DO2) - ✔550-650 ml/min/m2
Oxygen consumption (VO2) - ✔200-250 ml/min
Inferior leads and artery - cardiac - ✔Lead II, III, aVF - RCA
Anterior septal leads and artery - cardiac - ✔Lead V1, V2 - LM
Anterior leads and artery - cardiac - ✔Lead V3, V4 - LAD
Low lateral lead and artery - cardiac - ✔Lead V5, V6 - LCX
High lateral lead - cardiac - ✔Lead I, aVL
Symptoms of Left heart failure - ✔Orthopnea, dyspnea, crackles, Low PaO2, SaO2 & SpO2, S3 & S4,
Increased PAOP & PA pressures
Symptoms of Right heart failure - ✔JVD, Peripheral edema, Hepatomegaly, Increased CVP/RAP, S3 & S4
, Symptoms of Systolic heart failure - ✔Decreased stroke volume, decreased ejection fraction, S3 and
enlarged heart
Symptoms of Diastolic heart failure - ✔Decreased stroke volume, normal ejection fraction, S4, normal
heart size
Laboratory signs of DIC - ✔Decreased platelets
Increased PT/INR
Increased aPTT
Decreased fibrinogen
Increased FSP
Increased D-Dimer
Physical signs of DIC - ✔Hypotension, Petechia, Purpura, Bruising, Bleeding in oral, GI/GU, or pulmonary
Chvostek's Sign - ✔Facial muscle twitching when cheek is tapped - Hypocalcemia
Trousseau's Sign - ✔Spasming of the hand when the bp cuff is inflated beyong systolic pressure for >3
min - Hypocalcemia
Grey Turner's Sign - ✔Bruising of the flanks, appearing as a blue discoloration - retroperitoneal bleed
Cullen's Sign - ✔Superficial edema and bruising in the subcutaneous fatty tissue around the umbilicus -
Intraperitoneal bleed
Kehr's Sign - ✔Acute pain in the tip of the shoulder when a person is lying down and the legs are
elevated - splenic rupture
Calculation of anion gap - ✔(Na + K) - (CL + HCO3) *Cations - Anions
Normal is < 15
PaO2/FiO2 Ratio (P/F ratio) - ✔Measures the difference between oxygen content in PaO2 divided by the
FiO2. Used to predict shunting and hypoxemia
<300 = ALI
<200 = ARDS
Acute Respiratory Failure - ✔PaO2 <60 mmHg
PaCO2 >50 mmHg
pH <7.30
Acute Lung Injury & ARDS - ✔Cxr - bilateral diffuse infiltrates with no cardiac enlargement (white-out or
ground-glass appearance)
P/F ratio: (<200 ARDS; <300 for ALI)
