HOSMERIT
BSC 108 EXAM 3 KENNEDY QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SOLVED 100% CORRECT
The structure of a strand of DNA. - ✅✅-it is a double helix, like a twisted ladder.
the ladder rings are nucleotide subunits and they have a covalent bond to the sugar phosphate
backbone (made of deoxyribose and a phosphate group)
What are the nucleotide subunits? - ✅✅-adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
How are the subunits held together? - ✅✅-through a hydrogen bond
What are the nucleotide subunits compliments? - ✅✅-Adenine and thymine
cytosine and guanine
How does DNA replicate? - ✅✅-the parent strand breaks off into two and then enzymes (DNA
polymerases) attach the complimentary nucleotide to each side, creating two separate daughter
strands
What is the location site of where DNA replication begins on the double helix called? - ✅✅-
the origins of replication
What is created when replication proceeds in both directions? -
✅✅-replication bubbles, they are created because at the origin the replication process proceeds
in other directions, creating a bubble.
What is the replication forks? - ✅✅-It is the location where the parent cells is separating and
the complimentary nucleotide is being added creating the two new strands
How does DNA determine specific traits (phenotypes)? - ✅✅-Phenotypes arise from the
actions of a wide variety of proteins. To get these proteins this is what happens. DNA transfers
genetic information through transcription to RNA. Then through translation genetic info is
transferred from RNA into a polypeptide (protein strand)
, What is the structure of RNA? - ✅✅-It is a single-stranded nucleic acid. it is the same as DNA
except it uses ribose instead of deoxyribose in the sugar phosphate backbone and it uses uracil
instead of thymine
tRNA - ✅✅-transfer RNA: translation of the genetic message carried in the mRNA into the
amino acid language of proteins (converts the
three-letter words, codons, of nucleic acids to the amino acid words of proteins)
What is the function of mRNA? - ✅✅-Messenger molecules carry the coding sequences for
protein synthesis and are called transcripts.
rRNA - ✅✅-ribsosomal RNA
makes up ribosomes which are the organelles in the cytoplasm that coordinate the functioning
of mRNA and tRNA and actually make polypeptides
What two processes do genes code for specific proteins? -
✅✅-transcription and translation
What is transcription and where does it take place? - ✅✅-Transcription is the synthesis of
mRNA under the direction of DNA, nucleus
What is translation and where does it take place? - ✅✅-It is the synthesis of a polypeptide
(later becomes a protein) under the direction of mRNA occurs on ribosomes in the cytoplasm
What is the structure of tRNA? - ✅✅-It is made of a single strand of RNA. consisting of about
80 nucleotides. Chain twists and folds upon itself, forming several double-stranded regions in
which short stretches of RNA base-pair with other stretches. one end has a special triplet of
bases called anticodons. it is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA. on the other side
there is an amino acid attachment site.
What is a mutation? - ✅✅-It is a change in the genetic material (the nucleotide sequence) of a
cell's DNA.
BSC 108 EXAM 3 KENNEDY QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SOLVED 100% CORRECT
The structure of a strand of DNA. - ✅✅-it is a double helix, like a twisted ladder.
the ladder rings are nucleotide subunits and they have a covalent bond to the sugar phosphate
backbone (made of deoxyribose and a phosphate group)
What are the nucleotide subunits? - ✅✅-adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
How are the subunits held together? - ✅✅-through a hydrogen bond
What are the nucleotide subunits compliments? - ✅✅-Adenine and thymine
cytosine and guanine
How does DNA replicate? - ✅✅-the parent strand breaks off into two and then enzymes (DNA
polymerases) attach the complimentary nucleotide to each side, creating two separate daughter
strands
What is the location site of where DNA replication begins on the double helix called? - ✅✅-
the origins of replication
What is created when replication proceeds in both directions? -
✅✅-replication bubbles, they are created because at the origin the replication process proceeds
in other directions, creating a bubble.
What is the replication forks? - ✅✅-It is the location where the parent cells is separating and
the complimentary nucleotide is being added creating the two new strands
How does DNA determine specific traits (phenotypes)? - ✅✅-Phenotypes arise from the
actions of a wide variety of proteins. To get these proteins this is what happens. DNA transfers
genetic information through transcription to RNA. Then through translation genetic info is
transferred from RNA into a polypeptide (protein strand)
, What is the structure of RNA? - ✅✅-It is a single-stranded nucleic acid. it is the same as DNA
except it uses ribose instead of deoxyribose in the sugar phosphate backbone and it uses uracil
instead of thymine
tRNA - ✅✅-transfer RNA: translation of the genetic message carried in the mRNA into the
amino acid language of proteins (converts the
three-letter words, codons, of nucleic acids to the amino acid words of proteins)
What is the function of mRNA? - ✅✅-Messenger molecules carry the coding sequences for
protein synthesis and are called transcripts.
rRNA - ✅✅-ribsosomal RNA
makes up ribosomes which are the organelles in the cytoplasm that coordinate the functioning
of mRNA and tRNA and actually make polypeptides
What two processes do genes code for specific proteins? -
✅✅-transcription and translation
What is transcription and where does it take place? - ✅✅-Transcription is the synthesis of
mRNA under the direction of DNA, nucleus
What is translation and where does it take place? - ✅✅-It is the synthesis of a polypeptide
(later becomes a protein) under the direction of mRNA occurs on ribosomes in the cytoplasm
What is the structure of tRNA? - ✅✅-It is made of a single strand of RNA. consisting of about
80 nucleotides. Chain twists and folds upon itself, forming several double-stranded regions in
which short stretches of RNA base-pair with other stretches. one end has a special triplet of
bases called anticodons. it is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA. on the other side
there is an amino acid attachment site.
What is a mutation? - ✅✅-It is a change in the genetic material (the nucleotide sequence) of a
cell's DNA.
