Statistics Vocabulary List Review Questions with Complete Solutions Latest Update 2024 Already
Passed
1st Quartile* - Answers 25th percentile of the observation below it
2nd Quartile - Answers 50th percentile of a data set, the Median
3rd Quartile - Answers 75th percentiles of a data set
68-95-99.7 Rule* - Answers In all score-based normal curves, 50% of the scores fall at or above the mean
and 50% at or below the mean. (Approximately 68% of all scores fall within one standard deviation of
the mean, 95% within two standard deviations, and 99.7% within three standard deviations)
Actual Sample* - Answers Part of the population from which we actually collect information
Alpha - Answers Known as SIZE or TYPE-1 ERROR. Type 1 Error: isn't fine but found out was Fine, error
that doesn't cost lives
Bar Graph* - Answers Graph of the distribution of a categorical variable; can compare any set of
quantities measured in the same unitused with the categorical data to compare the sizes of categories.
Bias* - Answers If the design of a statistical study symmetrically favors certain outcomes
BoxPlot* - Answers Based on the 5-number summary of a data set. Each value in the 5-number summary
is located over its corresponding value on a number line.
Categorical Variable (qualitative) - Answers Any variable that is not quantitative is categorical.
Categorical variables have no numerical meaning. Examples: Hair color, gender, field of study
Chi-square* - Answers Method for testing the association between the row and column variables in a
two-way table. Used to determine whether there is a significant difference between the expected
frequencies and the observed frequencies in one or more categories.
Coefficient of Determination - Answers Assess how well a model explains and predicts future outcomes
Complement* - Answers Is the opposite of the probability of something happening. of an event is the
event not occurring.Given the probability of an event, the probability of its complement can be found by
subtracting the given probability from 1. The set of all outcomes in the sample space that are not
included in the outcomes of event A.
Control Group* - Answers A group that does not receive the treatment
Convenience Sample* - Answers A sample where the subject are selected, in part or in whole, at the
ease of the researcher. A statistical method of drawing representative data by selecting people because
of the ease of their volunteering or selecting units b/c of their availability or easy access.
, Correlation* - Answers Measure the direction and strength of the linear association between two
quantitative variable (x and y) Possible correlations range from +1 to -1. A zero correlation indicates that
there is no relationship between the variables. A correlation of -1 indicates a perfect negative
correlation, meaning that as one variable goes up, the other goes down. A correlation of +1 indicates a
perfect positive correlation, meaning that both variables move in the same direction together
Cut Point for Outliers - Answers The conventional cut-off point is 4/n
Disjoint* - Answers When two events share no common outcomes. To separate or disconnect the joints
or joining of; no outcomes
Double Blind* - Answers Neither the experimenters nor the participants know which participants are in
the experimental and control groups.
Exhaustive - Answers When a set of events comprises all possible occurrences of a reference set
Expected Value - Answers The counts we would expect -except for random variation-if the H0 were true
Experiment* - Answers imposes some treatment on individuals in order to observe their responses
Explanatory variable* - Answers x-value Variable that explains or causes changes in the response
variable. The independent x variable
Form, Direction, Strength, outlier* - Answers Form, Direction, Strength, outlier are information that
describes Scatterplots
Form - If there is a straight line (linear) relationship, it will appear as a cloud or swarm of points
stretched out in a generally consistent, straight form
Direction- Positive or negative association on graph,
Strength - How close the points in the scatterplot lie to a simple form such as a line.
Outlier - is an observation that lies an abnormal distance from other values in a random sample from a
population, points that do not follow the pattern.
Histogram* - Answers a graph that shows quantitative numbers where the bar touches. Shows how
frequently data occur within certain ranges or intervals. The height of each bar gives the frequency in
the respective interval.
Independent* - Answers There is a no relationship between the two categorical variables that is in the
rows
Interquartile range - Answers distance between the first and third quartiles, aka the distance between
the 75th percentile and the 25th percentile.
Passed
1st Quartile* - Answers 25th percentile of the observation below it
2nd Quartile - Answers 50th percentile of a data set, the Median
3rd Quartile - Answers 75th percentiles of a data set
68-95-99.7 Rule* - Answers In all score-based normal curves, 50% of the scores fall at or above the mean
and 50% at or below the mean. (Approximately 68% of all scores fall within one standard deviation of
the mean, 95% within two standard deviations, and 99.7% within three standard deviations)
Actual Sample* - Answers Part of the population from which we actually collect information
Alpha - Answers Known as SIZE or TYPE-1 ERROR. Type 1 Error: isn't fine but found out was Fine, error
that doesn't cost lives
Bar Graph* - Answers Graph of the distribution of a categorical variable; can compare any set of
quantities measured in the same unitused with the categorical data to compare the sizes of categories.
Bias* - Answers If the design of a statistical study symmetrically favors certain outcomes
BoxPlot* - Answers Based on the 5-number summary of a data set. Each value in the 5-number summary
is located over its corresponding value on a number line.
Categorical Variable (qualitative) - Answers Any variable that is not quantitative is categorical.
Categorical variables have no numerical meaning. Examples: Hair color, gender, field of study
Chi-square* - Answers Method for testing the association between the row and column variables in a
two-way table. Used to determine whether there is a significant difference between the expected
frequencies and the observed frequencies in one or more categories.
Coefficient of Determination - Answers Assess how well a model explains and predicts future outcomes
Complement* - Answers Is the opposite of the probability of something happening. of an event is the
event not occurring.Given the probability of an event, the probability of its complement can be found by
subtracting the given probability from 1. The set of all outcomes in the sample space that are not
included in the outcomes of event A.
Control Group* - Answers A group that does not receive the treatment
Convenience Sample* - Answers A sample where the subject are selected, in part or in whole, at the
ease of the researcher. A statistical method of drawing representative data by selecting people because
of the ease of their volunteering or selecting units b/c of their availability or easy access.
, Correlation* - Answers Measure the direction and strength of the linear association between two
quantitative variable (x and y) Possible correlations range from +1 to -1. A zero correlation indicates that
there is no relationship between the variables. A correlation of -1 indicates a perfect negative
correlation, meaning that as one variable goes up, the other goes down. A correlation of +1 indicates a
perfect positive correlation, meaning that both variables move in the same direction together
Cut Point for Outliers - Answers The conventional cut-off point is 4/n
Disjoint* - Answers When two events share no common outcomes. To separate or disconnect the joints
or joining of; no outcomes
Double Blind* - Answers Neither the experimenters nor the participants know which participants are in
the experimental and control groups.
Exhaustive - Answers When a set of events comprises all possible occurrences of a reference set
Expected Value - Answers The counts we would expect -except for random variation-if the H0 were true
Experiment* - Answers imposes some treatment on individuals in order to observe their responses
Explanatory variable* - Answers x-value Variable that explains or causes changes in the response
variable. The independent x variable
Form, Direction, Strength, outlier* - Answers Form, Direction, Strength, outlier are information that
describes Scatterplots
Form - If there is a straight line (linear) relationship, it will appear as a cloud or swarm of points
stretched out in a generally consistent, straight form
Direction- Positive or negative association on graph,
Strength - How close the points in the scatterplot lie to a simple form such as a line.
Outlier - is an observation that lies an abnormal distance from other values in a random sample from a
population, points that do not follow the pattern.
Histogram* - Answers a graph that shows quantitative numbers where the bar touches. Shows how
frequently data occur within certain ranges or intervals. The height of each bar gives the frequency in
the respective interval.
Independent* - Answers There is a no relationship between the two categorical variables that is in the
rows
Interquartile range - Answers distance between the first and third quartiles, aka the distance between
the 75th percentile and the 25th percentile.
