NREMT Trauma Questions with correct answers
Define index of suspicion. Correct Answer-Your awareness and concern
for potentially serious underlying and unseen injuries.
Blunt trauma vs penetrating trauma Correct Answer-blunt trauma: result
of force to the body that causes injury without anything penetrating the
soft tissues or internal organs and cavities.
penetrating trauma: injury by objects that pierce and penetrate the
surface of the body and injure the underlying soft tissues, internal
organs, and body cavities.
Define the three collisions that occur in a typical impact. Correct
Answer-1. car against another car
2. person against interior of car
3. organs against body
What are the four types of blast injuries. Correct Answer-1. primary
blast injury: damage due to pressure wave.
2. secondary blast injury: damage due to flying debris
3. tertiary blast injury: damage due to impact with another object.
4. quaternary blast injury: burns, toxic inhalation, other collateral
injuries
Define pulmonary blast injury Correct Answer-Pulmonary trauma due to
short-ranged exposure to a detonation. Both lungs are usually injured.
,Patient may lack visible injuries and may report tightness or pain in the
chest, as well as tachypnea and coughing up blood. Subcutaneous
emphysema (crackling under the skin) may be detected over the chest
through the use of palpation, indicating air in the thorax.
Arterial air embolism Correct Answer-small air bubble in the pulmonary
vasculature.
How are different trauma centers differentiated from each other? Correct
Answer-Level 1-4, with Level 1 being the highest level of treatment.
Which type of bleeding is the most serious, bleeding from a vein, artery,
or capillary? Correct Answer-Arterial bleeding
Define hemophilia. Correct Answer-a lack of one or more of the blood's
clotting factors, which leads to an excessive bleed from open wounds.
Some patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously.
Define contusion/ecchymosis. Correct Answer-The discoloration due to
bleeding under the skin; a bruise.
Define hemoptysis. Correct Answer-coughing up of bright red blood;
indicative of damage to the lungs or air passages.
Define hematoma. Correct Answer-a mass of blood that has collected int
he soft tissues beneath the skin, indicating bleeding into soft tissues and
may be the result of a minor or a severe injury.
,Define hematuria. Correct Answer-blood in the urine; indicative of
internal injury or disease.
Define hematemesis. Correct Answer-vomiting of blood; the brightness
of the blood can be used to estimate where the bleeding is coming from.
If the blood has been partially digested, the vomitus may look like coffee
grounds.
Define melena. Correct Answer-black, foul-smelling, tarry stool that
contains digested blood.
What is the first sign of hypovolemic shock? Correct Answer-change in
mental status (i.e. anxiety, restlessness, or combativeness). In nontrauma
patients, weakness, faintness, or dizziness on standing is another early
sign. In both trauma and nontrauma, changes in skin color are early
indications of hypovolemic shock.
List some of the later symptoms of hypovolemic schock. Correct
Answer--tachycardia
-weakness, fainting, or dizziness at rest
-thirst
-nausea and vomiting
-cold, moist (clammy) skin
-shallow, rapid breathing
-dull eyes
, -slightly dilated pupils that are slow to respond to light
-capillary refill time longer than 2 seconds in infants and children
-weak, rapid (thready) pulse
-decreasing blood pressure
-altered level of consciousness
What is an important medication to ask about if a patient is bleeding or
has sustain trauma? Correct Answer-blood-thinners, including aspirin,
Coumadin, Xarelto, Pradaxa, Eliquis, and Plavix.
What is generally the first thing that should be done when encountering
a patient with an actively bleeding wound? Correct Answer-Direct
pressure
If an open wound stops bleeding with direct pressure, what should be
applied to the wound? Correct Answer-Pressure dressing
If an open wound does not stop bleeding with direct pressure, what
should be applied? Correct Answer-Tourniquet
Define hemostatic agent. Correct Answer-any chemical compound that
slows or stops bleeding by assisting with clot formation.
What is epistaxis, and how should it be treated? Correct Answer-Nose
bleed; treat by pinching the nose and leaning forward.
Define index of suspicion. Correct Answer-Your awareness and concern
for potentially serious underlying and unseen injuries.
Blunt trauma vs penetrating trauma Correct Answer-blunt trauma: result
of force to the body that causes injury without anything penetrating the
soft tissues or internal organs and cavities.
penetrating trauma: injury by objects that pierce and penetrate the
surface of the body and injure the underlying soft tissues, internal
organs, and body cavities.
Define the three collisions that occur in a typical impact. Correct
Answer-1. car against another car
2. person against interior of car
3. organs against body
What are the four types of blast injuries. Correct Answer-1. primary
blast injury: damage due to pressure wave.
2. secondary blast injury: damage due to flying debris
3. tertiary blast injury: damage due to impact with another object.
4. quaternary blast injury: burns, toxic inhalation, other collateral
injuries
Define pulmonary blast injury Correct Answer-Pulmonary trauma due to
short-ranged exposure to a detonation. Both lungs are usually injured.
,Patient may lack visible injuries and may report tightness or pain in the
chest, as well as tachypnea and coughing up blood. Subcutaneous
emphysema (crackling under the skin) may be detected over the chest
through the use of palpation, indicating air in the thorax.
Arterial air embolism Correct Answer-small air bubble in the pulmonary
vasculature.
How are different trauma centers differentiated from each other? Correct
Answer-Level 1-4, with Level 1 being the highest level of treatment.
Which type of bleeding is the most serious, bleeding from a vein, artery,
or capillary? Correct Answer-Arterial bleeding
Define hemophilia. Correct Answer-a lack of one or more of the blood's
clotting factors, which leads to an excessive bleed from open wounds.
Some patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously.
Define contusion/ecchymosis. Correct Answer-The discoloration due to
bleeding under the skin; a bruise.
Define hemoptysis. Correct Answer-coughing up of bright red blood;
indicative of damage to the lungs or air passages.
Define hematoma. Correct Answer-a mass of blood that has collected int
he soft tissues beneath the skin, indicating bleeding into soft tissues and
may be the result of a minor or a severe injury.
,Define hematuria. Correct Answer-blood in the urine; indicative of
internal injury or disease.
Define hematemesis. Correct Answer-vomiting of blood; the brightness
of the blood can be used to estimate where the bleeding is coming from.
If the blood has been partially digested, the vomitus may look like coffee
grounds.
Define melena. Correct Answer-black, foul-smelling, tarry stool that
contains digested blood.
What is the first sign of hypovolemic shock? Correct Answer-change in
mental status (i.e. anxiety, restlessness, or combativeness). In nontrauma
patients, weakness, faintness, or dizziness on standing is another early
sign. In both trauma and nontrauma, changes in skin color are early
indications of hypovolemic shock.
List some of the later symptoms of hypovolemic schock. Correct
Answer--tachycardia
-weakness, fainting, or dizziness at rest
-thirst
-nausea and vomiting
-cold, moist (clammy) skin
-shallow, rapid breathing
-dull eyes
, -slightly dilated pupils that are slow to respond to light
-capillary refill time longer than 2 seconds in infants and children
-weak, rapid (thready) pulse
-decreasing blood pressure
-altered level of consciousness
What is an important medication to ask about if a patient is bleeding or
has sustain trauma? Correct Answer-blood-thinners, including aspirin,
Coumadin, Xarelto, Pradaxa, Eliquis, and Plavix.
What is generally the first thing that should be done when encountering
a patient with an actively bleeding wound? Correct Answer-Direct
pressure
If an open wound stops bleeding with direct pressure, what should be
applied to the wound? Correct Answer-Pressure dressing
If an open wound does not stop bleeding with direct pressure, what
should be applied? Correct Answer-Tourniquet
Define hemostatic agent. Correct Answer-any chemical compound that
slows or stops bleeding by assisting with clot formation.
What is epistaxis, and how should it be treated? Correct Answer-Nose
bleed; treat by pinching the nose and leaning forward.
