Btec Sport - Skeletal System Exam Latest
Update (A+ Graded)
What is an osteoblast? - Answer - growth & repair = bone remodelling
- Bring calcium to the bone
- osteoblast activity inc when exercising (heavy resistance)
= bones will become more dense + stronger
- reduces osteoporosis
What is an osteoclast? - Answer - unnecessary Ca+ is removed from certain parts of
bone
- dissolve bone
= while new layers of bone tissue are created
- come from bone marrow
Long bone - Answer - Allows large ROM such as a bowl swing in cricket using the
humerus long bone
- found in limbs + muscular attachment
- e.g. femur & phalanges
Short bone - Answer - Absorbs shock
- weight bearing +
- small, light & strong at joints
- e.g. tarsals when running
(Wide + short = short bone) (wide + long = long bone)
,Flat bone - Answer - E.g Sternum
- increased SA = site for muscles
- protection, eg vital organs
- Smaller
Irregular bones - Answer - Shape is complicated Eg vertebrae protects Spinal Column
- mechanical protection
- sites of muscle attachment eg erector spinae to sacrum
- other eg. = patella
Sesamoid bones - Answer - Typically found within a tendon or muscle = protection
- provide surface for tendons to move across
= increase in movement at joint
e.g Patella + phalanges
List the type of joints used at the elbow and wrist + articulating bones + movement
produced - Answer - Elbow -> Hinge -> Humerus + Radius + ulna -> flexion + extension
- Wrist -> Gliding -> Humerus, radius, carpals (ulna not a part of wrist) -> flexion,
extension, adduction, abduction
Anterior - Answer To the front
Posterior - Answer To the behind
Medial - Answer Towards the midline
Lateral - Answer Away from the midline
, Proximal - Answer Near to root (origin) of body e.g Proximal of the arm is the shoulder
Distal - Answer Away from the root E.g Hand
Superior - Answer Above
Inferior - Answer Below
Axial Skeleton - Answer Skull, Thoracic cage, Vertebrae
What are the names, how many discs each of them have and order of how the vertebrae
run? -Answer- Cervical-7
Thoracic-12
Lumbar-5
Sacrum-5
Coccyx-4
What is the function of the cervical section of the spinal column? -Answer support the
weight of the head
What does the first 2 of the vertebrae in the cervical vertebrae call? And what is their
function? - Answer Atlas (C1) & Axis (C2)
- form a pivot joint = allows head + neck to move side to side
= smallest + most vulnerable in vertebrae column
What is the function of thoracic section of the spinal column? - Answer Allows the
attachment of the ribs
What is the function of the lumbar section of the spinal column? - Answer - Largest and
Update (A+ Graded)
What is an osteoblast? - Answer - growth & repair = bone remodelling
- Bring calcium to the bone
- osteoblast activity inc when exercising (heavy resistance)
= bones will become more dense + stronger
- reduces osteoporosis
What is an osteoclast? - Answer - unnecessary Ca+ is removed from certain parts of
bone
- dissolve bone
= while new layers of bone tissue are created
- come from bone marrow
Long bone - Answer - Allows large ROM such as a bowl swing in cricket using the
humerus long bone
- found in limbs + muscular attachment
- e.g. femur & phalanges
Short bone - Answer - Absorbs shock
- weight bearing +
- small, light & strong at joints
- e.g. tarsals when running
(Wide + short = short bone) (wide + long = long bone)
,Flat bone - Answer - E.g Sternum
- increased SA = site for muscles
- protection, eg vital organs
- Smaller
Irregular bones - Answer - Shape is complicated Eg vertebrae protects Spinal Column
- mechanical protection
- sites of muscle attachment eg erector spinae to sacrum
- other eg. = patella
Sesamoid bones - Answer - Typically found within a tendon or muscle = protection
- provide surface for tendons to move across
= increase in movement at joint
e.g Patella + phalanges
List the type of joints used at the elbow and wrist + articulating bones + movement
produced - Answer - Elbow -> Hinge -> Humerus + Radius + ulna -> flexion + extension
- Wrist -> Gliding -> Humerus, radius, carpals (ulna not a part of wrist) -> flexion,
extension, adduction, abduction
Anterior - Answer To the front
Posterior - Answer To the behind
Medial - Answer Towards the midline
Lateral - Answer Away from the midline
, Proximal - Answer Near to root (origin) of body e.g Proximal of the arm is the shoulder
Distal - Answer Away from the root E.g Hand
Superior - Answer Above
Inferior - Answer Below
Axial Skeleton - Answer Skull, Thoracic cage, Vertebrae
What are the names, how many discs each of them have and order of how the vertebrae
run? -Answer- Cervical-7
Thoracic-12
Lumbar-5
Sacrum-5
Coccyx-4
What is the function of the cervical section of the spinal column? -Answer support the
weight of the head
What does the first 2 of the vertebrae in the cervical vertebrae call? And what is their
function? - Answer Atlas (C1) & Axis (C2)
- form a pivot joint = allows head + neck to move side to side
= smallest + most vulnerable in vertebrae column
What is the function of thoracic section of the spinal column? - Answer Allows the
attachment of the ribs
What is the function of the lumbar section of the spinal column? - Answer - Largest and
