RUTGERS BIOLOGY EXAM 1
(115) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2024/2025
You are studying a poison that interferes with the process of protein transport. You have determined that
this poison inhibits the formation of vesicles by the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Hypothesize which of
the following steps in protein transport STILL OCCUR despite the cell being exposed to the poison?
I. Tertiary folding of the polypeptide.
II. Exocytosis of the protein
III. Formation of the mRNA
IV. Hydrolysis of peptide bonds
V. Protein modification in Golgi Apparatus
A. II only
B. I, III, and IV
C. II, III, and V
D. II and V - ANS >>B. I, III, and IV
If an organism is incapable of neuronal plasticity, which of the following will still occur.
A. removal of existing synapses
B. neuronal development
C. encoding to short-term memory
D. retrieval from long-term memory - ANS >>B. neuronal development
Compare and contrast the components of a chloroplast. Photosystem II is located in the
______________ and the Calvin cycle occurs in the ______________.
,A. outer membrane, cytosol
B. thylakoid membrane, stroma
C. inner membrane, thylakoid
D. stroma, thylakoid membrane - ANS >>B. thylakoid membrane, stroma
The oxygen molecules that are used in the mitochondrion during cell respiration move into the cell
because they:
A. are actively transported against their concentration gradient.
B. cycle through ATP synthase.
C. bind to transmembrane proteins which produce channels in the membrane.
D. follow their concentration gradient. - ANS >>D. follow their concentration gradient.
Compare and contrast organelles. Which of the following is/are TRUE regarding the endoplasmic
reticulum and Golgi apparatus?
I. Both organelles are contiguous with the nuclear envelope.
II. Both the Golgi and ER are studded with ribosomes.
III. The ER is involved both protein synthesis and modification, the Golgi only with protein synthesis.
IV. The Golgi is a set of separate compartments while the ER has a single continuous lumen.
A. I and II
B. II and III
C. IV only
D. III only - ANS >>C. IV only
The human small intestine has a pH of about 5.5, the human stomach has a pH of 2. Diagnose the result
of taking a medication that lowers the pH in the intestine to the same as in the stomach? The intestinal
enzymes _________
,A. will stimulate an abnormally high rate of digestion.
B. will denature and will no longer be biologically active.
C. will function properly and begin to digest materials in the stomach.
D. will raise the pH of the stomach and begin to function. - ANS >>B. will denature and will no longer be
biologically active.
Identify which of the following statements are functions of enzymes in biological systems.
I. lower the activation energy needed for a reaction
II. increase the rate of chemical reactions in cells
III. physically bring together two reactants
IV. facilitate the breaking of chemical bonds
V. facilitate a reaction that would otherwise not occur
A. II, IV and V
B. I, II, III and V
C. I, III and V
D. I, II, III and IV - ANS >>D. I, II, III and IV
Identify where in a prokaryotic cell the conversion of G3P to pyruvate occurs during respiration.
A. cristae
B. cytosol
C. outer mitochondrial membrane
D. matrix - ANS >>B. cytosol
If all of the proteins were removed from a cell's membrane, hypothesize which of the following
processes would still occur?
I. Simple Diffusion
, II. Transport of Hydrogen Ions (H+)
III. Osmosis
IV. ATP synthase's production of ATP
V. Facilitated Diffusion
A. I, II, and IV
B. I, III, and V
C. I and III
D. II, III, and V - ANS >>C. I and III
Nerve cells, called neurons, maintain a higher concentration of Na+ outside the cell than inside the cell.
When small protein channels are opened in the membrane, Na+ flows quickly into the cell. This is an
example of:
A. osmosis.
B. exocytosis.
C. facilitated diffusion.
D. active transport pumps. - ANS >>C. facilitated diffusion.
A molecule of glucose in which each excited electron is tagged enters aerobic cellular respiration in a
human and each electron is tracked. Upon completion of pyruvate oxidation, where would you expect to
find the tagged electrons?
A. All electrons are in acetyl CoA
B. Some have been breathed out and the rest are in acetyl CoA
C. Some have been breathed out and the rest are in PGA
D. Some are in acetyl CoA and some are in NADH - ANS >>D. Some are in acetyl CoA and some are in
NADH
(115) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2024/2025
You are studying a poison that interferes with the process of protein transport. You have determined that
this poison inhibits the formation of vesicles by the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Hypothesize which of
the following steps in protein transport STILL OCCUR despite the cell being exposed to the poison?
I. Tertiary folding of the polypeptide.
II. Exocytosis of the protein
III. Formation of the mRNA
IV. Hydrolysis of peptide bonds
V. Protein modification in Golgi Apparatus
A. II only
B. I, III, and IV
C. II, III, and V
D. II and V - ANS >>B. I, III, and IV
If an organism is incapable of neuronal plasticity, which of the following will still occur.
A. removal of existing synapses
B. neuronal development
C. encoding to short-term memory
D. retrieval from long-term memory - ANS >>B. neuronal development
Compare and contrast the components of a chloroplast. Photosystem II is located in the
______________ and the Calvin cycle occurs in the ______________.
,A. outer membrane, cytosol
B. thylakoid membrane, stroma
C. inner membrane, thylakoid
D. stroma, thylakoid membrane - ANS >>B. thylakoid membrane, stroma
The oxygen molecules that are used in the mitochondrion during cell respiration move into the cell
because they:
A. are actively transported against their concentration gradient.
B. cycle through ATP synthase.
C. bind to transmembrane proteins which produce channels in the membrane.
D. follow their concentration gradient. - ANS >>D. follow their concentration gradient.
Compare and contrast organelles. Which of the following is/are TRUE regarding the endoplasmic
reticulum and Golgi apparatus?
I. Both organelles are contiguous with the nuclear envelope.
II. Both the Golgi and ER are studded with ribosomes.
III. The ER is involved both protein synthesis and modification, the Golgi only with protein synthesis.
IV. The Golgi is a set of separate compartments while the ER has a single continuous lumen.
A. I and II
B. II and III
C. IV only
D. III only - ANS >>C. IV only
The human small intestine has a pH of about 5.5, the human stomach has a pH of 2. Diagnose the result
of taking a medication that lowers the pH in the intestine to the same as in the stomach? The intestinal
enzymes _________
,A. will stimulate an abnormally high rate of digestion.
B. will denature and will no longer be biologically active.
C. will function properly and begin to digest materials in the stomach.
D. will raise the pH of the stomach and begin to function. - ANS >>B. will denature and will no longer be
biologically active.
Identify which of the following statements are functions of enzymes in biological systems.
I. lower the activation energy needed for a reaction
II. increase the rate of chemical reactions in cells
III. physically bring together two reactants
IV. facilitate the breaking of chemical bonds
V. facilitate a reaction that would otherwise not occur
A. II, IV and V
B. I, II, III and V
C. I, III and V
D. I, II, III and IV - ANS >>D. I, II, III and IV
Identify where in a prokaryotic cell the conversion of G3P to pyruvate occurs during respiration.
A. cristae
B. cytosol
C. outer mitochondrial membrane
D. matrix - ANS >>B. cytosol
If all of the proteins were removed from a cell's membrane, hypothesize which of the following
processes would still occur?
I. Simple Diffusion
, II. Transport of Hydrogen Ions (H+)
III. Osmosis
IV. ATP synthase's production of ATP
V. Facilitated Diffusion
A. I, II, and IV
B. I, III, and V
C. I and III
D. II, III, and V - ANS >>C. I and III
Nerve cells, called neurons, maintain a higher concentration of Na+ outside the cell than inside the cell.
When small protein channels are opened in the membrane, Na+ flows quickly into the cell. This is an
example of:
A. osmosis.
B. exocytosis.
C. facilitated diffusion.
D. active transport pumps. - ANS >>C. facilitated diffusion.
A molecule of glucose in which each excited electron is tagged enters aerobic cellular respiration in a
human and each electron is tracked. Upon completion of pyruvate oxidation, where would you expect to
find the tagged electrons?
A. All electrons are in acetyl CoA
B. Some have been breathed out and the rest are in acetyl CoA
C. Some have been breathed out and the rest are in PGA
D. Some are in acetyl CoA and some are in NADH - ANS >>D. Some are in acetyl CoA and some are in
NADH
