BMS 108 Midterm 2 Exam Questions and
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the basic signaling systems - ✔✔NV and endocrine systems
signal transduction - ✔✔signaling molecules bind to target receptors and
result in cellular response
7 types of signaling molecules - ✔✔neurotransmitters
hormones
paracrines
autocrines
juxtacrines
intracrines
pheramones
neurotransmitters - ✔✔secretion from neurons and act immediately in
target cells
hormones - ✔✔secretion from endocrine glands and into bloodstream, act
eventually on target cells
paracrines - ✔✔secretion from local tissues and act on nearby tissues
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autocrines - ✔✔secretion from local tissues and act on the same tissue
juxtacrines - ✔✔contact dependent signaling
intracrines - ✔✔pathways internal to the target cell
pheramones - ✔✔secretion from specialized gland cells, act on other
individuals
functions of the nervous system - ✔✔control- on off
regulation- how much
integration- w/other systems
classification of NS - ✔✔anatomical and physiological
neuro pathway - ✔✔stimulus- receptors-sensory pathway- CNS- motor-
Effectors- response
effectors are - ✔✔muscles, glands, neurons
types of neurons - ✔✔sensory or afferent
motor or efferent
interneurons or association ( confined to CNS
parts of a neuron - ✔✔dendrites, cell body, axon hillok, nodes of ranvier on
axon between schwan cells, terminal butons