Test Bank For-Pediatric Physical Examination: An Illustrated Handbook 3rd Edition, Karen G. Duderstadt | All Chapters 1-20

,Iiiiiiiii i Pediatrici Physicali Examinationi 3rdiEditioni Duderstadti TEST BANK

Chapteri1:iApproachitoiCareiandiAssessmentiofiChildreniandiAdolescents

MULTIPLEiCHOICE

1. Ainurseiisireviewingidevelopmentaliconceptsiforiinfantsiandichildren.iWhichistatementibestid
escribesidevelopmentiiniinfantsiandichildren?

a. Development,iaipredictableiandiorderlyiprocess,ioccursiativaryingiratesiwithininormalilimits.

b. Developmentiisiprimarilyirelateditoitheigrowthiinitheinumberiandisizeioficells.
c. Developmentioccursiiniaiproximodistalidirectioniwithifineimuscleidevelopmentioccurringifi
rst.

d. Developmentiisimoreieasilyiandiaccuratelyimeasuredithanigrowth.


ANS:iA

Development,iaicontinuousiorderlyiprocess,iprovidesitheibasisiforiincreasesiinitheichildsifunctionia
ndicomplexityiofibehavior.iTheiincreasesiinirateiofifunctioniandicomplexityicanivaryinormallyiwith
inilimitsiforieachichild.iAniincreaseiinitheinumberiandisizeioficellsiisiaidefinitioniforigrowth.iDevelo
pmentiproceedsiiniaiproximodistalidirectioniwithifineimuscleiorganizationioccurringiasiairesultiofil
argeimuscleiorganization.iDevelopmentiisiaimoreicomplexiprocessithatiisiaffectedibyimanyifactors;
itherefore,iitiisilessieasilyiandiaccuratelyimeasured.iGrowthiisiaipredictableiprocessiwithistandardim

easurementimethods.

2. Frequentidevelopmentaliassessmentsiareiimportantiforiwhichireason?

a. Stableidevelopmentaliperiodsiduringiinfancyiprovideianiopportunityitoiidentifyianyidelaysiorid
eficits.

b. Infantsineedistimulationispecificitoitheistageiofidevelopment.

c. Criticaliperiodsiofidevelopmentioccuriduringichildhood.

d. Childidevelopmentiisiunpredictableiandineedsimonitoring.




ANS:iC

Criticaliperiodsiareiblocksiofitimeiduringiwhichichildreniareireadyitoimasterispecificidevelopmentali
tasks.iChildrenicanimasteritheseitasksimoreieasilyiduringiparticulariperiodsiofitimeiinitheirigrowthia
ndidevelopmentaliprocess.iInfancyiisiaidynamicitimeiofidevelopmentithatirequiresifrequentievaluati

,onsitoiassessiappropriateidevelopmentaliprogress.iInfantsiiniainurturingienvironmentiwillidevelopia
ppropriatelyiandiwillinotinecessarilyineedistimulationispecificitoitheiridevelopmentalistage.iNormali
growthiandidevelopmentiareiorderlyiandiproceediiniaipredictableipatternionitheibasisiofieachiindivid
ualsiabilitiesiandipotentials.

3. Whichifactorihasitheigreatestiinfluenceionichildigrowthiandidevelopment?

a. Culture

b. Environment

c. Genetics
d. Nutrition


ANS:iC

Geneticifactorsi(heredity)idetermineieachiindividualsigrowthiandidevelopmentalirate.iAlthoughifact
orsisuchiasienvironment,iculture,inutrition,iandifamilyicaniinfluenceigeneticitraits,itheyidoinotielimi
nateitheieffectiofitheigeneticiendowment,iwhichiisipermanent.iCultureiisiaisignificantifactorithatiinfl
uencesihowichildrenigrowitowardiadulthood.iCultureiinfluencesibothigrowthiandidevelopmentibuti
doesinotieliminateiinbornigeneticiinfluences.iEnvironmentihasiaisignificantiroleiinideterminingigro
wthiandidevelopmentibothibeforeiandiafteribirth.iTheienvironmenticaniinfluenceihowianditoiwhichi
extentigeneticitraitsiareimanifested,ibutienvironmentalifactorsicannotieliminateitheieffectiofigenetic
s.iNutritioniisicriticaliforigrowthiandiplaysiaisignificantiroleithroughoutichildhood.

4. Ainurseiisiplanningiaiteachingisessioniwithiaichild.iAccordingitoiPiagetianitheory,itheiperiodiofi
cognitiveidevelopmentiiniwhichitheichildiisiableitoidistinguishifactifromifantasyiisitheiperiodiofico
gnitiveidevelopment.

a. sensorimotor

, b. formalioperations

c. concreteioperations

d. preoperational


ANS:iC

Concreteioperationsiisitheiperiodioficognitiveidevelopmentiiniwhichichildrensithinkingiisishiftedifr
omiegocentricitoibeingiableitoiseeianothersipointiofiview.iTheyidevelopitheiabilityitoidistinguishifa
ctifromifantasy.iTheisensorimotoristageioccursiiniinfancyiandiisiaiperiodiofireflexiveibehavior.iDuri
ngithisiperiod,itheiinfantsiworldibecomesimoreipermanentiandiorganized.iTheistageiendsiwithitheiin
fantidemonstratingisomeievidenceiofireasoning.iFormalioperationsiisiaiperiodiinidevelopmentiiniwh
ichinewiideasiareicreatedithroughipreviousithoughts.iAnalyticireasoniandiabstractithoughtiemergeiin
ithisiperiod.iTheipreoperationalistageiisiaiperiodiofiegocentrismiiniwhichitheichildsijudgmentsiareiill

ogicaliandidominatedibyimagicalithinkingiandianimism.

5. Theitheoristiwhoiviewedidevelopmentaliprogressioniasiailifelongiseriesioficonflictsithatineedire
solutioniis:

a. Erikson.

b. Freud.

c. Kohlberg.

d. Piaget.


ANS:iA

ErikiEriksoniviewedidevelopmentiasiaiseriesioficonflictsiaffectedibyisocialiandiculturalifactors.iEac
hiconflictimustibeiresolvediforitheichilditoiprogressiemotionally,iwithiunsuccessfuliresolutionileavin
githeichildiemotionallyidisabled.iSigmundiFreudiproposediaipsychosexualitheoryiofidevelopmentii
niwhichicertainipartsiofitheibodyiassumeipsychologicalisignificanceiasifociiofisexualienergy.iTheifo
ciishiftiasitheiindividualimovesithroughitheidifferentistagesi(oral,ianal,iphallic,ilatency,iandigenital)i
ofidevelopment.iLawrenceiKohlbergidescribedimoralidevelopment