ESS 101 Final Questions With Answers
The stress rate _______ the strain rate for elastic deformation.
- is greater than
- is less than
- is proportional to
- is variable compared to
- never changes relative to - ANSWER- is proportional to
Why do earthquakes occur in the Pacific Northwest?
- near the surface within North American plate
- deep within the Juan de Fuca plate
- along the Cascadia subduction zone
- all of the above - ANSWER- all of the above
According to Brian Atwater's research along the Washington coastline, the recurrence
interval of large Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes is ________.
- 3500 years
- 5000 years
- 10,000 years
- 1,000,000 years
- none of the above - ANSWER- none of the above (500 years)
How did geologist determine the exact day of offset on the Cascadia subduction zone in
1700 AD?
- they counted tree rings of dead cedar trees
- they used radiocarbon dating of buried peat
- they had accurate tsunami logs from Japan that recorded this event
- they had accurate tsunami logs from native Americans that recorded this event
- there were no records of this event - ANSWER- they had accurate tsunami logs from
Japan that recorded this event
The Great Lakes basin presently drains through the St. Lawrence River drainage. Why
will the Great Lakes basin eventually drain south through the Mississippi River
drainage?
- the northern Great Lakes area is still isostatically rising and will change the drainage
topography
- the southern Great Lakes area is still isostatically rising and will change the drainage
topography
- the northern Great Lakes area is still isostatically subsiding and will change the
drainage topography
- the southern Great Lakes area is still isostatically subsiding and will change the
drainage topography
, - the Niagra escarpment is still tectonically active and is causing the northern Great
Lakes to uplift - ANSWER- the southern Great Lakes area is still isostatically rising and
will change the drainage topography
Zigzag outcrop patterns are the result of ________.
- erosion of normal faults
- erosion of monocline folds
- erosion of symmetric anticline and syncline folds
- erosion of plunging anticline and syncline
- erosion of zigzag deposition features - ANSWER- erosion of plunging anticline and
syncline
What factors influence earthquake intensity?
- magnitude of the earthquake
- proximity to the earthquake's epicenter
- substrate that underlies the surface
- all of the above - ANSWER- all of the above
Tsunamis may be generated _____________.
- along vertical offset normal faults at divergent margins
- along subduction zones where vertical offset has occurred on the ocean floor
- along transform margins where horizontal offset has occurred on the ocean floor
- submarine landslides due to seismic events - ANSWER- along subduction zones
where vertical offset has occurred on the ocean floor
&
submarine landslides due to seismic events
A minimum of ____ seismic stations are necessary to determine the focus of an
earthquake.
-1
-3
-5
- 10
- 300 - ANSWER- 3
If an earthquake occurs, the ______ waves are the first to arrive at a seismic station.
- surface
- shear
-S
-P
- all of the seismic waves travel at the same velocity - ANSWER- P
Topset beds of a delta ________.
- are graded to the elevation of the lake or sea level
The stress rate _______ the strain rate for elastic deformation.
- is greater than
- is less than
- is proportional to
- is variable compared to
- never changes relative to - ANSWER- is proportional to
Why do earthquakes occur in the Pacific Northwest?
- near the surface within North American plate
- deep within the Juan de Fuca plate
- along the Cascadia subduction zone
- all of the above - ANSWER- all of the above
According to Brian Atwater's research along the Washington coastline, the recurrence
interval of large Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes is ________.
- 3500 years
- 5000 years
- 10,000 years
- 1,000,000 years
- none of the above - ANSWER- none of the above (500 years)
How did geologist determine the exact day of offset on the Cascadia subduction zone in
1700 AD?
- they counted tree rings of dead cedar trees
- they used radiocarbon dating of buried peat
- they had accurate tsunami logs from Japan that recorded this event
- they had accurate tsunami logs from native Americans that recorded this event
- there were no records of this event - ANSWER- they had accurate tsunami logs from
Japan that recorded this event
The Great Lakes basin presently drains through the St. Lawrence River drainage. Why
will the Great Lakes basin eventually drain south through the Mississippi River
drainage?
- the northern Great Lakes area is still isostatically rising and will change the drainage
topography
- the southern Great Lakes area is still isostatically rising and will change the drainage
topography
- the northern Great Lakes area is still isostatically subsiding and will change the
drainage topography
- the southern Great Lakes area is still isostatically subsiding and will change the
drainage topography
, - the Niagra escarpment is still tectonically active and is causing the northern Great
Lakes to uplift - ANSWER- the southern Great Lakes area is still isostatically rising and
will change the drainage topography
Zigzag outcrop patterns are the result of ________.
- erosion of normal faults
- erosion of monocline folds
- erosion of symmetric anticline and syncline folds
- erosion of plunging anticline and syncline
- erosion of zigzag deposition features - ANSWER- erosion of plunging anticline and
syncline
What factors influence earthquake intensity?
- magnitude of the earthquake
- proximity to the earthquake's epicenter
- substrate that underlies the surface
- all of the above - ANSWER- all of the above
Tsunamis may be generated _____________.
- along vertical offset normal faults at divergent margins
- along subduction zones where vertical offset has occurred on the ocean floor
- along transform margins where horizontal offset has occurred on the ocean floor
- submarine landslides due to seismic events - ANSWER- along subduction zones
where vertical offset has occurred on the ocean floor
&
submarine landslides due to seismic events
A minimum of ____ seismic stations are necessary to determine the focus of an
earthquake.
-1
-3
-5
- 10
- 300 - ANSWER- 3
If an earthquake occurs, the ______ waves are the first to arrive at a seismic station.
- surface
- shear
-S
-P
- all of the seismic waves travel at the same velocity - ANSWER- P
Topset beds of a delta ________.
- are graded to the elevation of the lake or sea level
