ESS 101 Midterm 1 Questions With
Correct Detailed Answers.
What mineral group is a major economic source of lead? - ANSWER- sulfide
The _________ mineral group is a major economic source line for cement. - ANSWER-
carbonate
Meteorites that strike the earth are predominantly composed of _________ ? -
ANSWER- iron-nickel and silicate minerals
Why are P-waves completely absorbed as they enter the outer core? - ANSWER- none
of the above answers are correct; P-waves are not completely absorbed in the outer
core.
During differentiation of the earth, heat was generated from __________ ? - ANSWER-
all of the above answers are correct
- kinetic energy of impacting planetesimals
- compressional heating during condensation of planetesimals
- radioactive heating
Why does the Yellowstone hotspot volcanism produce more explosive volcanic
eruptions than the Hawaiian hotspot volcanism? - ANSWER- upwelling basaltic magma
partially melts the overlying continental crust producing viscous rhyolitic lava
Which of the following bond strength rankings are in correct order from weakest to
strongest? - ANSWER- Van Der Waal, metallic, ionic, covalent
How can we explain the fact that the inner and outer cores are both composed of
metallic iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) yet the outer core is liquid and the inner core solid? -
ANSWER- the melting temperature for Fe-Ni is lower than the geothermal gradient
temperature in the outer core.
What type of seismic wave shadow zone is shown on the image above? (look up S
wave diagram) - ANSWER- S-wave
How can one best explain the seismic wave properties shown in the above diagram?
(look up S wave diagram) - ANSWER- only answers a and b are correct.
a. refraction of seismic waves due to density changes
b. absorption of seismic waves due to phase change from solid to liquid
Which of the following answers is NOT a characteristic of a metal? - ANSWER- all
metals are anions (negatively charged ions)
, answers that ARE characteristics:
-metallically bonded minerals are excellent conductors of heat and electricity
-metals are ductile and malleable
-metals have high thermal and electrical conductivity
-all metals are cations (positively charged ions)
Which volcanic gas was not added to earth's atmosphere during early differentiation of
the planet? - ANSWER- O2 (oxygen)
The lava composition of Mt. St Helens is ________ and it tends to be more _________
than lavas erupted from Mt. Rainier - ANSWER- Dacite, Silica-rich
The Olympic and Coast Mountains are composed of ___________. - ANSWER- marine
sedimentary rock scraped off from the ocean floor during subduction
Which of the following plate motions would NOT likely occur in the future? - ANSWER-
The isthmus of Panama will close and the Gulf Stream current will be diverted
northward to Europe
The rock showed below has a __________ texture. (need picture) - ANSWER-
Porphyritic (two stages of cooling)
Which mineral crystalized first? (need picture) - ANSWER- small black mineral included
within the white mineral
As igneous rock partially melts the MAGMA typically __________. - ANSWER- answers
b and c are both correct
--> more felsic (silica rich) than the rock
--> lower density than the rock
(matching - match the magma/ lava type with the appropriate geographic/ tectonic
setting where is likely formed)
-Columbia Plateau - ANSWER- Basalt
(matching - match the magma/ lava type with the appropriate geographic/ tectonic
setting where is likely formed)
-Asthenopshere - ANSWER- Peridotite
(matching - match the magma/ lava type with the appropriate geographic/ tectonic
setting where is likely formed)
-Mount Fuji, Japan - ANSWER- andesite
Correct Detailed Answers.
What mineral group is a major economic source of lead? - ANSWER- sulfide
The _________ mineral group is a major economic source line for cement. - ANSWER-
carbonate
Meteorites that strike the earth are predominantly composed of _________ ? -
ANSWER- iron-nickel and silicate minerals
Why are P-waves completely absorbed as they enter the outer core? - ANSWER- none
of the above answers are correct; P-waves are not completely absorbed in the outer
core.
During differentiation of the earth, heat was generated from __________ ? - ANSWER-
all of the above answers are correct
- kinetic energy of impacting planetesimals
- compressional heating during condensation of planetesimals
- radioactive heating
Why does the Yellowstone hotspot volcanism produce more explosive volcanic
eruptions than the Hawaiian hotspot volcanism? - ANSWER- upwelling basaltic magma
partially melts the overlying continental crust producing viscous rhyolitic lava
Which of the following bond strength rankings are in correct order from weakest to
strongest? - ANSWER- Van Der Waal, metallic, ionic, covalent
How can we explain the fact that the inner and outer cores are both composed of
metallic iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) yet the outer core is liquid and the inner core solid? -
ANSWER- the melting temperature for Fe-Ni is lower than the geothermal gradient
temperature in the outer core.
What type of seismic wave shadow zone is shown on the image above? (look up S
wave diagram) - ANSWER- S-wave
How can one best explain the seismic wave properties shown in the above diagram?
(look up S wave diagram) - ANSWER- only answers a and b are correct.
a. refraction of seismic waves due to density changes
b. absorption of seismic waves due to phase change from solid to liquid
Which of the following answers is NOT a characteristic of a metal? - ANSWER- all
metals are anions (negatively charged ions)
, answers that ARE characteristics:
-metallically bonded minerals are excellent conductors of heat and electricity
-metals are ductile and malleable
-metals have high thermal and electrical conductivity
-all metals are cations (positively charged ions)
Which volcanic gas was not added to earth's atmosphere during early differentiation of
the planet? - ANSWER- O2 (oxygen)
The lava composition of Mt. St Helens is ________ and it tends to be more _________
than lavas erupted from Mt. Rainier - ANSWER- Dacite, Silica-rich
The Olympic and Coast Mountains are composed of ___________. - ANSWER- marine
sedimentary rock scraped off from the ocean floor during subduction
Which of the following plate motions would NOT likely occur in the future? - ANSWER-
The isthmus of Panama will close and the Gulf Stream current will be diverted
northward to Europe
The rock showed below has a __________ texture. (need picture) - ANSWER-
Porphyritic (two stages of cooling)
Which mineral crystalized first? (need picture) - ANSWER- small black mineral included
within the white mineral
As igneous rock partially melts the MAGMA typically __________. - ANSWER- answers
b and c are both correct
--> more felsic (silica rich) than the rock
--> lower density than the rock
(matching - match the magma/ lava type with the appropriate geographic/ tectonic
setting where is likely formed)
-Columbia Plateau - ANSWER- Basalt
(matching - match the magma/ lava type with the appropriate geographic/ tectonic
setting where is likely formed)
-Asthenopshere - ANSWER- Peridotite
(matching - match the magma/ lava type with the appropriate geographic/ tectonic
setting where is likely formed)
-Mount Fuji, Japan - ANSWER- andesite
