SNPs and Bioinformatics Exam Questions with Complete Solutions Latest Update 2024
Three factors of taste - Answers Chemical senses, exposure, and culture
Describe the pathway used for the sense of smell - Answers Mitral cells→ Olfactory tract→ Olfactory
cortex→ Frontal lobe OR Hypothalamus
What % of taste is smell? - Answers 80%
What is an olfactory receptor? - Answers a type of neuron with cilia called olfactory hairs that transmit a
signal to nerves (tells nerves about presence of certain chemicals)
What is the name of the gene we studied in class? - Answers TAS2R38 gene
what is phenylthiocarbamide (PTC)? - Answers A chemical common in many bitter tasting foods that
mimics the structure of toxic alkaline materials
What does the TAS2R38 gene code for? - Answers PTC taste perception
Describe the genotypes and corresponding phenotypes for TAS2R38 - Answers TT-- taster
Tt- taster
tt-- non-taster
What is the central dogma? - Answers DNA-(transcription)-RNA-(translation)-protein
What variation is caused by the different alleles for TAS2R38? - Answers TT has the sequence GGCC
tt has the sequence GGGC
but Tt has both present
What does SNP stand for? - Answers single nucleotide polymorphism
What is an SNP? - Answers A single base letter change in a sequence which impacts the phenotype
What is a restriction enzyme? - Answers An enzyme common in certain bacteria able to cleave DNA
molecules at or near a specific sequence of bases
What do bacteria use restriction enzymes for? - Answers To remove foreign DNA (from viruses)
What lengths are each allele of the TAS2R38 gene after being digested by HaeIII? - Answers TT- 177 and
44
tt- 221
Tt- 221, 177, and 44
, What restriction enzyme did we use in lab? - Answers HaeIII
What is involved in the two-step process of taste? - Answers A taste molecule binds to a receptor on a
taste bud and then the taste cell generates a signal which will be interpreted by the brain
What is the purpose of Chelex resin? Why is it needed? - Answers It filters out iron molecules in the
saliva, which can interfere with the PCR process
What is a restriction fragment length polymorphism? - Answers A restriction enzyme
What was the source of DNA in our lab? - Answers Cheek cells
The primer set makes PCR specific to a single DNA region. Why are 2 primers in a 'primer set'? - Answers
There is a forward primer and a reverse primer. Both are at the same location on the DNA, but on
different strands (they are complementary to each other)
What 3 reagents are needed in the PCR reaction? - Answers Taq polymerase III, buffers, and extra bases
What are differences between SNPs and STRs? - Answers SNPs are only one base change in a coding
region and there are limited variations of it. Meanwhile, STRs are very short repeats in non-coding DNA
with a large number of repeats
What are similarities between SNPs and STRs? - Answers They can be anywhere on the genome, used to
show differences between individuals, and help make a genetic profile
What is primer dimer? - Answers Unincorporated primers from your PCR reaction, which can stick
together and show on your gel. This does not indicate anything about an individual's genotype, and
should be ignored.
What is the merle coat color? - Answers A marbled pattern. Sections are solid color, but a large portion
is marbled.
Why can it be important to study the genetics of other animals (other than to help that specific animal)?
- Answers Many animals share similar highly conserved genes with humans, so any discoveries of shared
genes can benefit both the animal and humans.
What kind of inheritance pattern does merle coat color follow? - Answers Autosomal dominant
Which human disease is comparable to a double merle in dogs? - Answers Waardenburg Syndrome
(lighter patches of skin and pale hair and eyes.)
What happens with double merles? - Answers They have little to no pigment and experience deafness or
hearing loss
What is bioinformatics? - Answers The use of computers for the acquisition, management, and analysis
of biological information
Three factors of taste - Answers Chemical senses, exposure, and culture
Describe the pathway used for the sense of smell - Answers Mitral cells→ Olfactory tract→ Olfactory
cortex→ Frontal lobe OR Hypothalamus
What % of taste is smell? - Answers 80%
What is an olfactory receptor? - Answers a type of neuron with cilia called olfactory hairs that transmit a
signal to nerves (tells nerves about presence of certain chemicals)
What is the name of the gene we studied in class? - Answers TAS2R38 gene
what is phenylthiocarbamide (PTC)? - Answers A chemical common in many bitter tasting foods that
mimics the structure of toxic alkaline materials
What does the TAS2R38 gene code for? - Answers PTC taste perception
Describe the genotypes and corresponding phenotypes for TAS2R38 - Answers TT-- taster
Tt- taster
tt-- non-taster
What is the central dogma? - Answers DNA-(transcription)-RNA-(translation)-protein
What variation is caused by the different alleles for TAS2R38? - Answers TT has the sequence GGCC
tt has the sequence GGGC
but Tt has both present
What does SNP stand for? - Answers single nucleotide polymorphism
What is an SNP? - Answers A single base letter change in a sequence which impacts the phenotype
What is a restriction enzyme? - Answers An enzyme common in certain bacteria able to cleave DNA
molecules at or near a specific sequence of bases
What do bacteria use restriction enzymes for? - Answers To remove foreign DNA (from viruses)
What lengths are each allele of the TAS2R38 gene after being digested by HaeIII? - Answers TT- 177 and
44
tt- 221
Tt- 221, 177, and 44
, What restriction enzyme did we use in lab? - Answers HaeIII
What is involved in the two-step process of taste? - Answers A taste molecule binds to a receptor on a
taste bud and then the taste cell generates a signal which will be interpreted by the brain
What is the purpose of Chelex resin? Why is it needed? - Answers It filters out iron molecules in the
saliva, which can interfere with the PCR process
What is a restriction fragment length polymorphism? - Answers A restriction enzyme
What was the source of DNA in our lab? - Answers Cheek cells
The primer set makes PCR specific to a single DNA region. Why are 2 primers in a 'primer set'? - Answers
There is a forward primer and a reverse primer. Both are at the same location on the DNA, but on
different strands (they are complementary to each other)
What 3 reagents are needed in the PCR reaction? - Answers Taq polymerase III, buffers, and extra bases
What are differences between SNPs and STRs? - Answers SNPs are only one base change in a coding
region and there are limited variations of it. Meanwhile, STRs are very short repeats in non-coding DNA
with a large number of repeats
What are similarities between SNPs and STRs? - Answers They can be anywhere on the genome, used to
show differences between individuals, and help make a genetic profile
What is primer dimer? - Answers Unincorporated primers from your PCR reaction, which can stick
together and show on your gel. This does not indicate anything about an individual's genotype, and
should be ignored.
What is the merle coat color? - Answers A marbled pattern. Sections are solid color, but a large portion
is marbled.
Why can it be important to study the genetics of other animals (other than to help that specific animal)?
- Answers Many animals share similar highly conserved genes with humans, so any discoveries of shared
genes can benefit both the animal and humans.
What kind of inheritance pattern does merle coat color follow? - Answers Autosomal dominant
Which human disease is comparable to a double merle in dogs? - Answers Waardenburg Syndrome
(lighter patches of skin and pale hair and eyes.)
What happens with double merles? - Answers They have little to no pigment and experience deafness or
hearing loss
What is bioinformatics? - Answers The use of computers for the acquisition, management, and analysis
of biological information
