Bioinformatics and PTC Tasting Exam Questions with Verified Solutions Latest Update 2024
This is the application of computer analysis to biological data, and is called? - Answers Bioinformatics
What is the goal of bioinformatics? - Answers sequence entire genome, map all genes, connect
sequence information at the cellular level.
What is the central dogma of biology? - Answers DNA-RNA-protein-trait
What is an RFLP - Answers restriction fragment length polymorphism
How does molecular sequencing data in the study of phylogeny help us? - Answers allows us to see
differences in genetics In species that look alike, this can prove that two species may not be closely
related although they look very similar
genomic and proteomic databases may enable scientists to find answers to some of lifes mysteries such
as _____ _____(determining which allele will be expressed) - Answers genetic imprinting
what is genomics? - Answers collections of GENE sequence contributed by scientists with varying
interest
what is proteomics? - Answers sequences of proteins from various cell types and organisms, looks at
combinations and expression patterns of proteins.
_______ ________ allows scientists to use a variety of organisms to study a single gene and its
mutations - Answers comparative genomics
Bioinformatics is the _____ of information within organisms - Answers flow
What does a centrifuge do? - Answers Separate components by mass (heavy at bottom); done in rotor
NCBI stands for what? - Answers - national center for biotechnology information
what is Phylogeny? - Answers study of evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms using
morphological or molecular sequencing data
Phylogenies trace patterns of _______ _______ between lineages - Answers shared ancestry
______ are heritable traits that can be compared across organisms, such as physical characteristics,
genetic sequences and behavioral traits - Answers characters
Phylogenetic trees that we will use are based on ______ _____ rather than morphological characters.
This is much easier and more accurate - Answers sequence similarity
what are orthologous genes - Answers genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral
gene by speciation
, paralogous genes - Answers Genes related by duplication within a genome, these can evolve new
functions
homolouges - Answers a gene (A GENE NOT A CHROMOSOME) related to a second gene by descendant
from a common ancestral DNA sequence
In Blast what value do we look at the tells us the probability that a sequence match is random chance or
an actual match - Answers The E-value. If the E-value is less than 0.1 it is considered to be significant and
is likely NOT due to chance alone.
What is the Expectation value (or e-value)? - Answers The Expectation value (or E-value) is the number
of alignments with query sequence that would be expected to occur by chance in the database. The
lower the E-value, the higher the probability that the hit is related to the query.
Explain significance of coding sequences (CDS) in the NCBI database? - Answers Coding sequences (CDS),
region of nucleotides that correspond with the sequence of amino acids in a protein (location includes
start and stop codons)
Blast can be used to search databases using ______ acids or ______ query sequences - Answers nucleic;
protein
comparing _________ ______ among different organisms we can get a measure of sequence divergence
and from that relative estimates of evolutionary relationship - Answers homologous genes
if you are making a phylogenetic tree how can you use ClustalW to help in your efforts? - Answers to run
a multiple sequence alignment
A modern challenge in bioinformatics is understanding the relationship between the
______,______,_______, involved in causing disease - Answers DNA sequence, chromosomal location,
structure of genes
Why do scientists study and annotate the DNA sequences of other animals and organisms? - Answers To
study their genomes to compare to human genomes
What are some things that we use bioinformatics for? - Answers searching biological databases,
comparing sequences, looking at protein structures, understand more about human disease, drug
design, forensic DNA analysis, agricultural biotech
What is Bioinformatics? - Answers Bioinformatics involve the technology that uses computers for
storage, retrieval, manipulation, and distribution of information related to biological macromolecules
such as DNA, RNA, and proteins
SNP - Answers Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
- Difference in gene sequence between individuals
- Detect SNPs through PCR
This is the application of computer analysis to biological data, and is called? - Answers Bioinformatics
What is the goal of bioinformatics? - Answers sequence entire genome, map all genes, connect
sequence information at the cellular level.
What is the central dogma of biology? - Answers DNA-RNA-protein-trait
What is an RFLP - Answers restriction fragment length polymorphism
How does molecular sequencing data in the study of phylogeny help us? - Answers allows us to see
differences in genetics In species that look alike, this can prove that two species may not be closely
related although they look very similar
genomic and proteomic databases may enable scientists to find answers to some of lifes mysteries such
as _____ _____(determining which allele will be expressed) - Answers genetic imprinting
what is genomics? - Answers collections of GENE sequence contributed by scientists with varying
interest
what is proteomics? - Answers sequences of proteins from various cell types and organisms, looks at
combinations and expression patterns of proteins.
_______ ________ allows scientists to use a variety of organisms to study a single gene and its
mutations - Answers comparative genomics
Bioinformatics is the _____ of information within organisms - Answers flow
What does a centrifuge do? - Answers Separate components by mass (heavy at bottom); done in rotor
NCBI stands for what? - Answers - national center for biotechnology information
what is Phylogeny? - Answers study of evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms using
morphological or molecular sequencing data
Phylogenies trace patterns of _______ _______ between lineages - Answers shared ancestry
______ are heritable traits that can be compared across organisms, such as physical characteristics,
genetic sequences and behavioral traits - Answers characters
Phylogenetic trees that we will use are based on ______ _____ rather than morphological characters.
This is much easier and more accurate - Answers sequence similarity
what are orthologous genes - Answers genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral
gene by speciation
, paralogous genes - Answers Genes related by duplication within a genome, these can evolve new
functions
homolouges - Answers a gene (A GENE NOT A CHROMOSOME) related to a second gene by descendant
from a common ancestral DNA sequence
In Blast what value do we look at the tells us the probability that a sequence match is random chance or
an actual match - Answers The E-value. If the E-value is less than 0.1 it is considered to be significant and
is likely NOT due to chance alone.
What is the Expectation value (or e-value)? - Answers The Expectation value (or E-value) is the number
of alignments with query sequence that would be expected to occur by chance in the database. The
lower the E-value, the higher the probability that the hit is related to the query.
Explain significance of coding sequences (CDS) in the NCBI database? - Answers Coding sequences (CDS),
region of nucleotides that correspond with the sequence of amino acids in a protein (location includes
start and stop codons)
Blast can be used to search databases using ______ acids or ______ query sequences - Answers nucleic;
protein
comparing _________ ______ among different organisms we can get a measure of sequence divergence
and from that relative estimates of evolutionary relationship - Answers homologous genes
if you are making a phylogenetic tree how can you use ClustalW to help in your efforts? - Answers to run
a multiple sequence alignment
A modern challenge in bioinformatics is understanding the relationship between the
______,______,_______, involved in causing disease - Answers DNA sequence, chromosomal location,
structure of genes
Why do scientists study and annotate the DNA sequences of other animals and organisms? - Answers To
study their genomes to compare to human genomes
What are some things that we use bioinformatics for? - Answers searching biological databases,
comparing sequences, looking at protein structures, understand more about human disease, drug
design, forensic DNA analysis, agricultural biotech
What is Bioinformatics? - Answers Bioinformatics involve the technology that uses computers for
storage, retrieval, manipulation, and distribution of information related to biological macromolecules
such as DNA, RNA, and proteins
SNP - Answers Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
- Difference in gene sequence between individuals
- Detect SNPs through PCR
