ISS 305 Weaver Exam2 2024 -
DISTINCTION GUARANTEED
Variable - Answers:any attribute which can assume different values among the members of a
class of participants/subjects or events, but which has only 1 value for any given member of that
class at any time.
Examples of physical variables - Answers:height, weight, eye color, mass
Psychology variables (usually called constructs or concepts) - Answers:A hypothetical factor that
is not observed directly rather its existence is inferred from certain observation and assumed to
follow certain situations.
ex:
depression, intelligence, need for achievement, aggression
Conceptual/ construct variables - Answers:Theoretical constructs (shyness, sleep quality,
intelligence)
Operational variables - Answers:- Turn a conceptual variable into a variable that can be
measured or manipulated
- Connect unobservable traits, experiences, or qualities into things that can be observed and
measured
Observations should be recorded so they: - Answers:- Have a precise meaning
- Have the same meaning for all
Levels of measurement - Answers:1. Nominal
2. Ordinal
3. Interval
4. Ratio
, All else being equal, better operational definitions are those which: - Answers:- Results in
numeric values (permit measurement)
- Result in higher levels of measurement
Nominal - Answers:- Numbers are names only
- Has 2 or more categories, but no intrinsic order to the categories
--> Discrete variable- no values in between
- Uses frequencies and chi-square
Ex:
- Marital status (married, unmarried)
- HIV status (pos, neg)
- Pet ownership (Y/N)
Ordinal - Answers:- Numbers indicate order but distance between numbers not equal (rank
ordered, but don't know how far apart score are)
- Discrete variable
- Use nonparametric stats
Ex: rating of how much someone likes painting (1-4)
Interval - Answers:- Distance btwn numbers equally spaced, but there is not a true 0 or no
meaning to 0 (no absolute zero point)
- Continuous variable- infinite number of values in between 2 values
- Can use ANOVA
ex: temp in Fahrenheit
Ratio - Answers:- Like interval, but with a true 0 point (has an absolute zero point= indicates
absence of quality)
DISTINCTION GUARANTEED
Variable - Answers:any attribute which can assume different values among the members of a
class of participants/subjects or events, but which has only 1 value for any given member of that
class at any time.
Examples of physical variables - Answers:height, weight, eye color, mass
Psychology variables (usually called constructs or concepts) - Answers:A hypothetical factor that
is not observed directly rather its existence is inferred from certain observation and assumed to
follow certain situations.
ex:
depression, intelligence, need for achievement, aggression
Conceptual/ construct variables - Answers:Theoretical constructs (shyness, sleep quality,
intelligence)
Operational variables - Answers:- Turn a conceptual variable into a variable that can be
measured or manipulated
- Connect unobservable traits, experiences, or qualities into things that can be observed and
measured
Observations should be recorded so they: - Answers:- Have a precise meaning
- Have the same meaning for all
Levels of measurement - Answers:1. Nominal
2. Ordinal
3. Interval
4. Ratio
, All else being equal, better operational definitions are those which: - Answers:- Results in
numeric values (permit measurement)
- Result in higher levels of measurement
Nominal - Answers:- Numbers are names only
- Has 2 or more categories, but no intrinsic order to the categories
--> Discrete variable- no values in between
- Uses frequencies and chi-square
Ex:
- Marital status (married, unmarried)
- HIV status (pos, neg)
- Pet ownership (Y/N)
Ordinal - Answers:- Numbers indicate order but distance between numbers not equal (rank
ordered, but don't know how far apart score are)
- Discrete variable
- Use nonparametric stats
Ex: rating of how much someone likes painting (1-4)
Interval - Answers:- Distance btwn numbers equally spaced, but there is not a true 0 or no
meaning to 0 (no absolute zero point)
- Continuous variable- infinite number of values in between 2 values
- Can use ANOVA
ex: temp in Fahrenheit
Ratio - Answers:- Like interval, but with a true 0 point (has an absolute zero point= indicates
absence of quality)
