SADDLEBACK N172 CARDIAC EXAM QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
Name the 5 areas for listening to the heart - ANSWER "All Pigs Eat Too
Much"
A-Aortic (right 2nd intercostal space)
P-Pulmocic (Left 2nd intercostal space)
E-ERB's Point-S1 & S2 sounds (Left 3rd intercostal space)
T-Tricuspid (Lower left sternum border 4th intercostal space)
M-Mitral Valve (Left 5th intercostal space, medial to midclavicular line)
S1 heart sound "Lub" - ANSWER -Tricuspid and mitral valves closing
-Ventricle pump and ejection
S2 heart sound "Dub" - ANSWER -Aortic and pulmonic valves closing
-Ventricle relaxing and filling
Left-sided heart failure S & S - ANSWER *Fluid is backing up into lungs*
-Dyspnea (Nocturnal paroxysmal)
-Crackles
-Orthopnea
-Cough with pink and frothy sputum
-Fatigue
-2-3lbs weight gain
-Hypotension
-S 3 Gallop
Right sided heart failure s/s - ANSWER *Fluid is backing up into the
venous system*
-Peripheral edema
-Pitting edema
-JVD
-Nocturia
-Ascites
-Hepatomegaly
-Splenomegaly
-Anorexia
, What happens with systolic HF? - ANSWER -Heart muscle is weakened
-Ventricle doesn't EJECT properly
-EF is reduced
What happens with diastolic HF? - ANSWER -Heart muscle is stiff and
non-compliant
-Ventricle doesn't FILL properly
-Normal EF
Normal ejection fraction (EF) - ANSWER -50-70%
-EF is usually low in HF patients
How to calculate EF? - ANSWER Amount of blood pumped out/ amount
of blood left in the chamber=%EF
HF Diagnostics - ANSWER BNP>100
CXR shows enlarged heart and pulmonary infiltrates
EKG shows EF, blood backflow and valves issues
When is BNP (B-Type Natriuretic Peptide) Produced? - ANSWER -Heart
is overworked
-High pressure in the ventricle
HF Interventions? - ANSWER Monitor
-Strict I's and O's
-Daily weight (Report more than 2-3lbs to HCP)
-Edema
Diet Modifications
-Lower sodium
-Lower Fat
-Lower Cholesterol
-Fluid restrictions (Plan out fluids for the day and decrease thirst with
hard candies to suck on)
Positioning
Semi-fowler's position
Non-modifiable risk factors for CAD - ANSWER -Age
-Gender
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
Name the 5 areas for listening to the heart - ANSWER "All Pigs Eat Too
Much"
A-Aortic (right 2nd intercostal space)
P-Pulmocic (Left 2nd intercostal space)
E-ERB's Point-S1 & S2 sounds (Left 3rd intercostal space)
T-Tricuspid (Lower left sternum border 4th intercostal space)
M-Mitral Valve (Left 5th intercostal space, medial to midclavicular line)
S1 heart sound "Lub" - ANSWER -Tricuspid and mitral valves closing
-Ventricle pump and ejection
S2 heart sound "Dub" - ANSWER -Aortic and pulmonic valves closing
-Ventricle relaxing and filling
Left-sided heart failure S & S - ANSWER *Fluid is backing up into lungs*
-Dyspnea (Nocturnal paroxysmal)
-Crackles
-Orthopnea
-Cough with pink and frothy sputum
-Fatigue
-2-3lbs weight gain
-Hypotension
-S 3 Gallop
Right sided heart failure s/s - ANSWER *Fluid is backing up into the
venous system*
-Peripheral edema
-Pitting edema
-JVD
-Nocturia
-Ascites
-Hepatomegaly
-Splenomegaly
-Anorexia
, What happens with systolic HF? - ANSWER -Heart muscle is weakened
-Ventricle doesn't EJECT properly
-EF is reduced
What happens with diastolic HF? - ANSWER -Heart muscle is stiff and
non-compliant
-Ventricle doesn't FILL properly
-Normal EF
Normal ejection fraction (EF) - ANSWER -50-70%
-EF is usually low in HF patients
How to calculate EF? - ANSWER Amount of blood pumped out/ amount
of blood left in the chamber=%EF
HF Diagnostics - ANSWER BNP>100
CXR shows enlarged heart and pulmonary infiltrates
EKG shows EF, blood backflow and valves issues
When is BNP (B-Type Natriuretic Peptide) Produced? - ANSWER -Heart
is overworked
-High pressure in the ventricle
HF Interventions? - ANSWER Monitor
-Strict I's and O's
-Daily weight (Report more than 2-3lbs to HCP)
-Edema
Diet Modifications
-Lower sodium
-Lower Fat
-Lower Cholesterol
-Fluid restrictions (Plan out fluids for the day and decrease thirst with
hard candies to suck on)
Positioning
Semi-fowler's position
Non-modifiable risk factors for CAD - ANSWER -Age
-Gender
