us history d 5: Chapter 9: Sectionalism, [173 - 183

us history d 5: Chapter 9: Sectionalism, [173 - 183 The North Period 5: Chapter 9: Sectionalism, [173 - 183] Due Date: WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 15TH - Composed of northeast (New England and Middle Atlantic states) and the old Northwest (area from Ohio to Minnesota) - N states bound by transportation routes and rapid economic growth from farming and industry - The Industrial Northeast - 1830s: factories producing wide range of goods - Organized Labor - Farmers and artisans→ factory workers - Unions and local parties organized to protect interests - Briefly in 1830s workers joined unions and participated in strikes - Massachusetts S.C. ruled that “peaceful unions” had the right to negotiate labor contracts with employers in Commonwealth v. Hunt - Improvements for workers were limited by periodic depressions, employers and courts that were hostile to unions, and an abundant supply of cheap immigrant labor. - Urban Life - North held large portion of the population (5% 1800-15% 1850) - Led to crowded housing, poor sanitation, diseases, and high rates of crime - Opportunities in cities from Industrial Revolution continued to attract Americans from farms and immigrants from Europe - African Americans - “Freedom” meant that they could have family and sometimes land, but didn’t allow economic or political equality - Couldn’t vote, and kept from holding jobs in most skilled professions and crafts - Immigrants displaced them from past jobs - Often hired as strikebreakers for short periods of work - The Agricultural Northwest - States W of Alleghenies (Ohio-1803, Indians-1816, Illinois-1818, Michigan-1837, Wisconsin- 1848, and Minnesota-1858 - Northwest Ordinance 1787: Procedure for turning territories into states - Early: largely unsettled, relied on Mississippi river - Mid-century: closely tied to other N states by military campaigns by federal troops driving Indians from land, and b/c building of canals and railroads establishing common markers between Great lakes and East Coast - Agriculture - Corn and wheat crops profitable - Steel plow and mechanical reaper; less hired labor needed - Crop used to feed animals, and supply distillers and brewers with grain for alcohol - New Cities - Towns grew into big cities after 1820 b/c of location at key transportation points - Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit, and Chicago on Great Lakes, Cincinnati on Ohio River, and St. Louis on MS river - Cities used as transfer points of processing farm products for shipment to E, and distributing manufactured goods from E to region - Immigration - Sudden increase in immigration in 1832 - 1830s-1850s: 4 million immigrants came from N Europe and went mainly to Old NW, farms, and cities (few went to south) - Surge in immigration result The North Period 5: Chapter 9: Sectionalism, [173 - 183] Due Date: WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 15TH - Composed of northeast (New England and Middle Atlantic states) and the old Northwest (area from Ohio to Minnesota) - N states bound by transportation routes and rapid economic growth from farming and industry - The Industrial Northeast - 1830s: factories producing wide range of goods - Organized Labor - Farmers and artisans→ factory workers - Unions and local parties organized to protect interests - Briefly in 1830s workers joined unions and participated in strikes - Massachusetts S.C. ruled that “peaceful unions” had the right to negotiate labor contracts with employers in Commonwealth v. Hunt - Improvements for workers were limited by periodic depressions, employers and courts that were hostile to unions, and an abundant supply of cheap immigrant labor. - Urban Life - North held large portion of the population (5% 1800-15% 1850) - Led to crowded housing, poor sanitation, diseases, and high rates of crime - Opportunities in cities from Industrial Revolution continued to attract Americans from farms and immigrants from Europe - African Americans - “Freedom” meant that they could have family and sometimes land, but didn’t allow economic or political equality - Couldn’t vote, and kept from holding jobs in most skilled professions and crafts - Immigrants displaced them from past jobs - Often hired as strikebreakers for short periods of work - The Agricultural Northwest - States W of Alleghenies (Ohio-1803, Indians-1816, Illinois-1818, Michigan-1837, Wisconsin- 1848, and Minnesota-1858 - Northwest Ordinance 1787: Procedure for turning territories into states - Early: largely unsettled, relied on Mississippi river - Mid-century: closely tied to other N states by military campaigns by federal troops driving Indians from land, and b/c building of canals and railroads establishing common markers between Great lakes and East Coast - Agriculture - Corn and wheat crops profitable - Steel plow and mechanical reaper; less hired labor needed - Crop used to feed animals, and supply distillers and brewers with grain for alcohol - New Cities - Towns grew into big cities after 1820 b/c of location at key transportation points - Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit, and Chicago on Great Lakes, Cincinnati on Ohio River, and St. Louis on MS river - Cities used as transfer points of processing farm products for shipment to E, and distributing manufactured goods from E to region - Immigration - Sudden increase in immigration in 1832 - 1830s-1850s: 4 million immigrants came from N Europe and went mainly to Old NW, farms, and cities (few went to south) - Surge in immigration result