Electrolyte Imbalance Exam Correctly
Solved
Potassium should only be administered after adequate __________ has been
established otherwise the potassium could rise to dangerously high levels. It should
be administered by infusion pump and not by IV push or IM because of this fact as
well. - ✅✅ urine output
You will see alkalosis with ______ levels of potassium
You will see acidosis with ________ levels of potassium - ✅✅ Alkalosis with
low levels of potassium
Acidosis with high levels of potassium
A patient comes in with cardiac arrest with A-Fib, Dysrythmias, Muscle Twitching
and Tremors, Flaccid Muscle Paralysis, Diarrhea, Cramping, Anxiety, Respiratory
Failure. What could this patient be suffering from? - ✅✅ Hyperkalemia
What are some treatments for Hyperkalemia?
4 categories - ✅✅ 1) Lasix and Hydrochlorothiazide diuretics, favoring
potassium excretion
2) Calcium Gluconate antagonizes potassium's effects on the heart muscle
(myocardium)
3) Sodium Bicarbonate
Dextrose with Insulin
These cause potassium to shift back into cells while the sodium alkalinizes the
plasma back to normal. Same thing with glucose.
4) Kayexalate: Potassium exchange for potassium in colon.
What is the normal serum calcium range? - ✅✅ 8.6-10.2 mg/dl
This electrolyte is important for muscle contraction and relaxation by creating
nerve impulses. It makes sure the muscle is not overstimulated. - ✅✅ Calcium
This electrolyte is important for blood coagulation and enzymatic reactions. -
✅✅ Calcium
, This electrolyte is mostly ionized in the serum plasma but partially bound to
albumin. - ✅✅ Calcium
Name some causes of Hypocalcemia - ✅✅ Hypoparathyroidism: the organ
responsible for secreting Calcium
Your patient has been experiencing vomiting, diarrhea, also has kidney disease.
You know with this electrolyte imbalance the patient could become:
Anorexic, V/N
Abdominal cramps, Muscle Weakness
Headache, lethargy, Confusion,
Intracranial edema/swelling
Seizures, Coma
Respiratory Distress
Affects: CNS, GI, and MSK - ✅✅ Hyponatremia
What electrolyte imbalance would you treat with the acronym: PMS
And also administer 0.9% nacl, and if severe, 3% nacl - ✅✅ Hyponatremia
PMS:
Processed Foods
Mooooo (Dairy)
Salty Foods
Normal range for Sodium: - ✅✅ 135-145 meq/L
A patient came in and had been vomiting for the past 3 days. They appeared
extremely confused and complained of a headache, muscle weakness, N/V. They
had abdominal cramps. The other nurse on the unit said she had never seen a
patient so lethargic. It got so bad the patient began experiencing seizures.
What electrolyte imbalance is this? - ✅✅ Hyponatremia
Not enough salt. Cells become engorged with water, putting pressure on the body
inducing N/V, headaches from cerebral swelling, respiratory distress from pressure
against part of brain that regulates breathing, and seizures because of the pressure
in brain. Sodium regulates muscles, so no sodium will cause muscle weakness.
GI, MSK, CNS
Solved
Potassium should only be administered after adequate __________ has been
established otherwise the potassium could rise to dangerously high levels. It should
be administered by infusion pump and not by IV push or IM because of this fact as
well. - ✅✅ urine output
You will see alkalosis with ______ levels of potassium
You will see acidosis with ________ levels of potassium - ✅✅ Alkalosis with
low levels of potassium
Acidosis with high levels of potassium
A patient comes in with cardiac arrest with A-Fib, Dysrythmias, Muscle Twitching
and Tremors, Flaccid Muscle Paralysis, Diarrhea, Cramping, Anxiety, Respiratory
Failure. What could this patient be suffering from? - ✅✅ Hyperkalemia
What are some treatments for Hyperkalemia?
4 categories - ✅✅ 1) Lasix and Hydrochlorothiazide diuretics, favoring
potassium excretion
2) Calcium Gluconate antagonizes potassium's effects on the heart muscle
(myocardium)
3) Sodium Bicarbonate
Dextrose with Insulin
These cause potassium to shift back into cells while the sodium alkalinizes the
plasma back to normal. Same thing with glucose.
4) Kayexalate: Potassium exchange for potassium in colon.
What is the normal serum calcium range? - ✅✅ 8.6-10.2 mg/dl
This electrolyte is important for muscle contraction and relaxation by creating
nerve impulses. It makes sure the muscle is not overstimulated. - ✅✅ Calcium
This electrolyte is important for blood coagulation and enzymatic reactions. -
✅✅ Calcium
, This electrolyte is mostly ionized in the serum plasma but partially bound to
albumin. - ✅✅ Calcium
Name some causes of Hypocalcemia - ✅✅ Hypoparathyroidism: the organ
responsible for secreting Calcium
Your patient has been experiencing vomiting, diarrhea, also has kidney disease.
You know with this electrolyte imbalance the patient could become:
Anorexic, V/N
Abdominal cramps, Muscle Weakness
Headache, lethargy, Confusion,
Intracranial edema/swelling
Seizures, Coma
Respiratory Distress
Affects: CNS, GI, and MSK - ✅✅ Hyponatremia
What electrolyte imbalance would you treat with the acronym: PMS
And also administer 0.9% nacl, and if severe, 3% nacl - ✅✅ Hyponatremia
PMS:
Processed Foods
Mooooo (Dairy)
Salty Foods
Normal range for Sodium: - ✅✅ 135-145 meq/L
A patient came in and had been vomiting for the past 3 days. They appeared
extremely confused and complained of a headache, muscle weakness, N/V. They
had abdominal cramps. The other nurse on the unit said she had never seen a
patient so lethargic. It got so bad the patient began experiencing seizures.
What electrolyte imbalance is this? - ✅✅ Hyponatremia
Not enough salt. Cells become engorged with water, putting pressure on the body
inducing N/V, headaches from cerebral swelling, respiratory distress from pressure
against part of brain that regulates breathing, and seizures because of the pressure
in brain. Sodium regulates muscles, so no sodium will cause muscle weakness.
GI, MSK, CNS
