NUR 2063 Essential of Pathophysiology
1. Symptoms
Answer
Subjective characteristics of disease felt only by the patient
2. sign
Answer
If the doctor, nurse, or anyone notice evidence of disease such as a fever
3. Homeostasis
Answer
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of
body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
4. Epinephrine is released during a stress response True or False
Answer
True; Aka Adrenaline
5. function of mitochondria
Answer
powerhouse of the cell, ATP production, and Produc- tion of the cell energy.
6. The effective of the RAAS system -
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Answer
is essential for long-term blood pressure regulation. It involves a complex system of hormones,
proteins and enzymes.
7. vasodilation
Answer
A widening and increase of the diameter of a blood vessel.
,8. vasoconstriction
Answer
Reduces blood flow and heat transfer by decreasing the diam- eter of superficial blood vessels.
9. Hyperplasia
Answer
the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in
the tissues.
10. Apply the concept of homeostasis
Answer
1.Stimulus produce change in variable (body temperature falls), 2.Receptor detect change
(detected by thermoreceptors in skin), 3.Information sent along Afferent pathway to control
center, 4. Control centre process message (in the thermoregulatory centre in brain).
11. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Answer
an internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are
constructed. (Smooth & Rough ER)
12. Function of hormone renin
Answer
Renin is an enzyme that helps control your blood pressure and maintain healthy levels of sodium
and potassium in your body. (When blood volume or sodium levels in the body are low, or blood
potassium is high, cells in the kidney release the enzyme, renin. Renin converts
angiotensinogen, which is produced in the liver, to the hormone angiotensin I.)
13. Hydrostatic pressure capillaries
Answer
The pressure that blood exerts in the cap- illaries is known as blood pressure. The force of
hydrostatic pressure means that as blood moves along the capillary, fluid moves out through its
pores and into the interstitial space.
14. Increased hydrostatic capillary action causes edema (T/F)
Answer
(True) Edema- Is swelling or excessive fluid.
, include high venous pressure (e.g., heart failure, venous blockage) or excessive fluid and sodium
retention (e.g, acute renal failure).
15. What body functions cause fluid volume deficits?
Answer
Blood loss from cuts/wounds Through the gastrointestinal system
vomiting and diarrhea Abnormally
excessive urination (polyuria); can be caused by excessive intake of diuretic sub- stances or
medications or from renal disorder.
16. Tetany
Answer
a symptom characterized by the involuntary contraction of muscles that leads to painful muscle
cramps, spasms of the voice box (i.e., larynx), and sensory disturbances.
17. What electrolyte is associated with muscular tetany?
Answer
Hypocalcemia - aka LOW calcium
tetany (muscle twitching/spasms)
18. Symptoms of dehydration
Answer
thirst, headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, dry eyes, dry mouth, dark-colored urine
19. Osmosis
Answer
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
20. Clinical manifestations of fluid excess
Answer
peripheral edema, periorbital edema, anasarca, cerebral edema, dyspnea, bounding pulse,
tachycardia, jugular vein dis- tension, hypertension, polyuria, rapid weight gain, crackles, and
1. Symptoms
Answer
Subjective characteristics of disease felt only by the patient
2. sign
Answer
If the doctor, nurse, or anyone notice evidence of disease such as a fever
3. Homeostasis
Answer
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of
body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
4. Epinephrine is released during a stress response True or False
Answer
True; Aka Adrenaline
5. function of mitochondria
Answer
powerhouse of the cell, ATP production, and Produc- tion of the cell energy.
6. The effective of the RAAS system -
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Answer
is essential for long-term blood pressure regulation. It involves a complex system of hormones,
proteins and enzymes.
7. vasodilation
Answer
A widening and increase of the diameter of a blood vessel.
,8. vasoconstriction
Answer
Reduces blood flow and heat transfer by decreasing the diam- eter of superficial blood vessels.
9. Hyperplasia
Answer
the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in
the tissues.
10. Apply the concept of homeostasis
Answer
1.Stimulus produce change in variable (body temperature falls), 2.Receptor detect change
(detected by thermoreceptors in skin), 3.Information sent along Afferent pathway to control
center, 4. Control centre process message (in the thermoregulatory centre in brain).
11. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Answer
an internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are
constructed. (Smooth & Rough ER)
12. Function of hormone renin
Answer
Renin is an enzyme that helps control your blood pressure and maintain healthy levels of sodium
and potassium in your body. (When blood volume or sodium levels in the body are low, or blood
potassium is high, cells in the kidney release the enzyme, renin. Renin converts
angiotensinogen, which is produced in the liver, to the hormone angiotensin I.)
13. Hydrostatic pressure capillaries
Answer
The pressure that blood exerts in the cap- illaries is known as blood pressure. The force of
hydrostatic pressure means that as blood moves along the capillary, fluid moves out through its
pores and into the interstitial space.
14. Increased hydrostatic capillary action causes edema (T/F)
Answer
(True) Edema- Is swelling or excessive fluid.
, include high venous pressure (e.g., heart failure, venous blockage) or excessive fluid and sodium
retention (e.g, acute renal failure).
15. What body functions cause fluid volume deficits?
Answer
Blood loss from cuts/wounds Through the gastrointestinal system
vomiting and diarrhea Abnormally
excessive urination (polyuria); can be caused by excessive intake of diuretic sub- stances or
medications or from renal disorder.
16. Tetany
Answer
a symptom characterized by the involuntary contraction of muscles that leads to painful muscle
cramps, spasms of the voice box (i.e., larynx), and sensory disturbances.
17. What electrolyte is associated with muscular tetany?
Answer
Hypocalcemia - aka LOW calcium
tetany (muscle twitching/spasms)
18. Symptoms of dehydration
Answer
thirst, headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, dry eyes, dry mouth, dark-colored urine
19. Osmosis
Answer
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
20. Clinical manifestations of fluid excess
Answer
peripheral edema, periorbital edema, anasarca, cerebral edema, dyspnea, bounding pulse,
tachycardia, jugular vein dis- tension, hypertension, polyuria, rapid weight gain, crackles, and
