Advanced pharmacology for NP Exam 2|
Verified Q&A| Complete 100%
*Patient Profile:* A 60-year-old male presents with a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes,
and chronic kidney disease (CKD). He is on Lisinopril, Metformin, and aspirin.
1. In patients with CKD, which antihypertensive class is preferred to protect kidney function?
ACE inhibitors
2. Given the patient's CKD, which lab value is essential to monitor regularly while he is on
Metformin?
Serum creatinine (to assess renal function)
3. Which type of antihypertensive medication should be used cautiously in CKD due to the risk
of hyperkalemia?
ACE inhibitors and ARBs
4. In a patient with type 2 diabetes and CKD, which diabetic medication class is contraindicated
if the eGFR is below 30 mL/min/1.73 m²?
SGLT-2 inhibitors
1
,5. For a hypertensive patient with a history of asthma, which class of medication should
generally be avoided?
Non-selective beta-blockers
*Patient Profile:* A 30-year-old female presents with complaints of dysuria, urgency, and
frequency. She has no significant past medical history and is not pregnant.
6. Which antibiotic is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated cystitis in women?
Nitrofurantoin
7. The patient has a penicillin allergy. Which antibiotic could be a safe alternative for
uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Fosfomycin
8. For a UTI, what is the typical duration of Nitrofurantoin therapy in an uncomplicated case?
5 days
9. Which antibiotic commonly used for UTIs is avoided in pregnancy due to risks of hemolysis
in infants with G6PD deficiency?
Nitrofurantoin
10. In older adults, which symptom would prompt consideration of treatment for asymptomatic
bacteriuria?
2
, Fever or other systemic symptoms of infection
**Case Study 3:**
*Patient Profile:* An 82-year-old male with a history of heart failure and atrial fibrillation is
being treated with Digoxin, Furosemide, and Warfarin.
11. Which electrolyte imbalance should be monitored closely in patients taking Digoxin?
Hypokalemia
12. Due to the use of Warfarin, which regular laboratory test is necessary for this patient?
International Normalized Ratio (INR)
13. In older adults, what pharmacokinetic change often necessitates lower doses of renally
excreted drugs?
Decreased renal clearance
14. Which electrolyte imbalance can be caused by Furosemide and increase the risk of Digoxin
toxicity?
Hypokalemia
15. Which type of diuretic is often preferred for heart failure in older adults to reduce
hypokalemia risk?
Potassium-sparing diuretics
3
Verified Q&A| Complete 100%
*Patient Profile:* A 60-year-old male presents with a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes,
and chronic kidney disease (CKD). He is on Lisinopril, Metformin, and aspirin.
1. In patients with CKD, which antihypertensive class is preferred to protect kidney function?
ACE inhibitors
2. Given the patient's CKD, which lab value is essential to monitor regularly while he is on
Metformin?
Serum creatinine (to assess renal function)
3. Which type of antihypertensive medication should be used cautiously in CKD due to the risk
of hyperkalemia?
ACE inhibitors and ARBs
4. In a patient with type 2 diabetes and CKD, which diabetic medication class is contraindicated
if the eGFR is below 30 mL/min/1.73 m²?
SGLT-2 inhibitors
1
,5. For a hypertensive patient with a history of asthma, which class of medication should
generally be avoided?
Non-selective beta-blockers
*Patient Profile:* A 30-year-old female presents with complaints of dysuria, urgency, and
frequency. She has no significant past medical history and is not pregnant.
6. Which antibiotic is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated cystitis in women?
Nitrofurantoin
7. The patient has a penicillin allergy. Which antibiotic could be a safe alternative for
uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Fosfomycin
8. For a UTI, what is the typical duration of Nitrofurantoin therapy in an uncomplicated case?
5 days
9. Which antibiotic commonly used for UTIs is avoided in pregnancy due to risks of hemolysis
in infants with G6PD deficiency?
Nitrofurantoin
10. In older adults, which symptom would prompt consideration of treatment for asymptomatic
bacteriuria?
2
, Fever or other systemic symptoms of infection
**Case Study 3:**
*Patient Profile:* An 82-year-old male with a history of heart failure and atrial fibrillation is
being treated with Digoxin, Furosemide, and Warfarin.
11. Which electrolyte imbalance should be monitored closely in patients taking Digoxin?
Hypokalemia
12. Due to the use of Warfarin, which regular laboratory test is necessary for this patient?
International Normalized Ratio (INR)
13. In older adults, what pharmacokinetic change often necessitates lower doses of renally
excreted drugs?
Decreased renal clearance
14. Which electrolyte imbalance can be caused by Furosemide and increase the risk of Digoxin
toxicity?
Hypokalemia
15. Which type of diuretic is often preferred for heart failure in older adults to reduce
hypokalemia risk?
Potassium-sparing diuretics
3
