MEDSCI 142 Final Review Exam
Questions And Answers(Revised and
Updated).
Three protective layers of the kidney - Answer 1. Renal capsule: physical barrier, protection against
trauma. Maintains shape of the kidney
2. Adipose tissue: padding, physical protection, maintains position of the kidneys
3. Renal fascia: anchors the kidneys to surrounding structures
Main structures of the kidney - Answer 1. renal capsule
2. nephron
3. collecting duct
4. papillary duct
5. calyx
6. renal pelvis
7. ureter
8. lobes
9. lobules
10. medullary pyramid
11. renal column
12. BV
13. cortex
Order of blood flow in the kidneys - Answer Renal artery
Segmental artery
Interlobar artery
Arcuate artery
Cortical radiate (interlobular) artery
,Afferent arteriole
GLOMERULUS (caps)
Efferent arteriole
Medulla: vasa recta
Cortex: peritubular caps
Cortical radiate (interlobular) vein
Arcuate vein
Interlobar vein
Renal Vein
Three layers that filter- label and contents filtered out - Answer 1. Endothelial cells: filter out RBCs or
platelets, all else can pass (all components of blood plasma)
2. Basal lamina: filters out large proteins (negative charged large proteins)
3. Slit membranes: filters out medium proteins: allows in water, glucose, vitamins, amino acids, very
small plasma proteins, ammonia, urea and ions
Main parts of the nephron - Answer Renal corpuscle
Proximal conv tubule
Descending LoH
Ascending LoH
Distal conv tubule
Collecting duct
Main functions of the kidneys - Answer filter blood
produce urine to carry wastes out of the body
the hormone EPO regulates red blood cell production
regulate salt and water balance in blood
, Osmolarity - Answer The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of
lower solute conc to a higher solute conc
Tonicity - Answer A functional term that describes the tendency of a solution to resist expansion of the
intracellular volume. Takes into account the conc of a solution and ability to change shape of cell by
crossing membrane
Hyperosmotic - Answer A solution with a higher osm than another- shrinkage
isosmotic - Answer Two solutes same osm- cell stays same
hypoosmotic - Answer solution with a lesser concentration of solute- swell and burst
Fluid compartments in body - Answer Water makes up approx 60% in males and 50% of total body
weight in females (women have more fat cells) and 65-75 in infants
ICF: about 2/3 of the bodys fluids
ECF: about 1/3 (20% is blood plasma and the rest is interstitial fluid between cells
Water gain and water loss - Answer Gain: CHD breakdown (8%), foods (28%) , drinks (64%)
Loss: Feces (4%), Lungs (12%), Skin (24%), Urine (60%)
Main ions in the body - Answer Na, Ca, Cl (high conc in ECF) and K (high conc in ICF) and Mg and HPO4
The basic process involved in the formation of urine (and location) - Answer 1. Filtration form blood
plasma into nephron (renal corpuscle)
2. Tubular reabsorption from fluid to blood (renal tubule and collecting duct)
3. Tubular secretion from blood to fluid (renal tubule and collecting duct)
Sum of the amount filtered and approx. amount - Answer Excretion (1.4 L) = Filtration (180L) +
Secretion - Reabsorption (176.4 L)
Questions And Answers(Revised and
Updated).
Three protective layers of the kidney - Answer 1. Renal capsule: physical barrier, protection against
trauma. Maintains shape of the kidney
2. Adipose tissue: padding, physical protection, maintains position of the kidneys
3. Renal fascia: anchors the kidneys to surrounding structures
Main structures of the kidney - Answer 1. renal capsule
2. nephron
3. collecting duct
4. papillary duct
5. calyx
6. renal pelvis
7. ureter
8. lobes
9. lobules
10. medullary pyramid
11. renal column
12. BV
13. cortex
Order of blood flow in the kidneys - Answer Renal artery
Segmental artery
Interlobar artery
Arcuate artery
Cortical radiate (interlobular) artery
,Afferent arteriole
GLOMERULUS (caps)
Efferent arteriole
Medulla: vasa recta
Cortex: peritubular caps
Cortical radiate (interlobular) vein
Arcuate vein
Interlobar vein
Renal Vein
Three layers that filter- label and contents filtered out - Answer 1. Endothelial cells: filter out RBCs or
platelets, all else can pass (all components of blood plasma)
2. Basal lamina: filters out large proteins (negative charged large proteins)
3. Slit membranes: filters out medium proteins: allows in water, glucose, vitamins, amino acids, very
small plasma proteins, ammonia, urea and ions
Main parts of the nephron - Answer Renal corpuscle
Proximal conv tubule
Descending LoH
Ascending LoH
Distal conv tubule
Collecting duct
Main functions of the kidneys - Answer filter blood
produce urine to carry wastes out of the body
the hormone EPO regulates red blood cell production
regulate salt and water balance in blood
, Osmolarity - Answer The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of
lower solute conc to a higher solute conc
Tonicity - Answer A functional term that describes the tendency of a solution to resist expansion of the
intracellular volume. Takes into account the conc of a solution and ability to change shape of cell by
crossing membrane
Hyperosmotic - Answer A solution with a higher osm than another- shrinkage
isosmotic - Answer Two solutes same osm- cell stays same
hypoosmotic - Answer solution with a lesser concentration of solute- swell and burst
Fluid compartments in body - Answer Water makes up approx 60% in males and 50% of total body
weight in females (women have more fat cells) and 65-75 in infants
ICF: about 2/3 of the bodys fluids
ECF: about 1/3 (20% is blood plasma and the rest is interstitial fluid between cells
Water gain and water loss - Answer Gain: CHD breakdown (8%), foods (28%) , drinks (64%)
Loss: Feces (4%), Lungs (12%), Skin (24%), Urine (60%)
Main ions in the body - Answer Na, Ca, Cl (high conc in ECF) and K (high conc in ICF) and Mg and HPO4
The basic process involved in the formation of urine (and location) - Answer 1. Filtration form blood
plasma into nephron (renal corpuscle)
2. Tubular reabsorption from fluid to blood (renal tubule and collecting duct)
3. Tubular secretion from blood to fluid (renal tubule and collecting duct)
Sum of the amount filtered and approx. amount - Answer Excretion (1.4 L) = Filtration (180L) +
Secretion - Reabsorption (176.4 L)
