CISSN Chapter 1 (Energy Systems and
Skeletal Muscle Plasticity) Questions
and Answers 100% Correct
The ability of skeletal muscle to perform work to sustain muscle contraction, are
contingent on the availability of ______________________. - ANSWER-adenosine
triphosphate (ATP)
The issue of ATP availability is a function of the muscle fiber's ability to synthesize ATP
from _______________________ and to also resynthesize itself once it has been
degraded to yield energy. - ANSWER-macronutrients (carbs, fats, proteins)
Within the muscle fiber, there are three "systems" in which ATP is provided for cell
work, often termed the __________________. - ANSWER-three metabolic energy
systems
What are the three metabolic energy systems? - ANSWER-1. Immediate Energy
System
2. Lactic Acid System
3. Oxidative System
The immediate energy system in skeletal muscle is comprised of ______________
separate chemical reactions which all working in an integrated manner during high-
intensity, explosive exercise, to degrade ATP, such that energy can be liberated and
used for myocellular work. - ANSWER-three (3)
The immediate energy system is considered to be ________________ and
_______________ meaning that it does not rely on oxygen to drive this process, as
ATP and creatine phosphate (CP) hydrolysis does not depend on oxygen availability nor
does it yield lactic acid (as with glycolysis). - ANSWER--anaerboic
and
-alactic
The immediate energy system involves the stored intracellular levels of ATP, which are
coupled to creatine phosphate (CP) stored within the muscle fiber. This constitutes the
________________ System. - ANSWER-ATP-CP System (phosphagen system)
This reaction in the immediate energy system involves the hydrolysis of ATP to form
ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and is catalyzed by ATPase. - ANSWER-Reaction 1:
ATP + H20 ____ATPase________ > ADP + Pi
, This reaction in the immediate energy system utilizes the ADP from reaction 1 and is
used to combine with creatine phosphate (CP) to form ATP and creatine (C), catalyzed
by the enzyme creatine kinase (CK). - ANSWER-Reaction 2a: ADP + CP _____
creatine kinase______ > ATP + C
This reaction in the immediate energy system utilizes the ADP from reaction 1 and
combines it with another ADP to form ATP and AMP, catalyzed by the enzyme
adenylate kinase/myokinase. - ANSWER-Reaction 2b: ADP + ADP _____
myokinase______ > ATP + AMP
In the immediate energy system, both the creatine kinase (CK) and myokinase
reactions (reactions 2a & 2b) produce ATP, however, the ________________ reaction
yields the greatest amount of ATP. - ANSWER-Creatine Kinase (CK) Reaction
(Reaction 2a)
The overall capacity in which the immediate energy system is capable of supplying
energy through ATP degradation is highly _______________. The total quantity of ATP
stored with a muscle fiber is very ________________. - ANSWER-- limited
- small
____________________ is the only nutrient capable of generating ATP through
glycolysis. The rapid utilization of this nutrient is a result of the production of AMP and
inorganic phosphate. - ANSWER-Carbohydrate
During lower intensity, sustained exercise, the need for ATP is significant, but the rate of
production is not as pronounced as during the Lactic Acid System. As a result, ATP is
produced ________________, by way of mitochondrial respiration. - ANSWER-
oxidatively
The _________________ system involves the combustion of the primary
macronutrients, carbohydrates, and fatty acids, utilizing oxygen that is present in the
mitochondria. - ANSWER-Oxidative system
Carbohydrate can be obtained from _______________ in the blood (either from the diet
or from liver glycogenolysis) or form muscle glycogenolysis. - ANSWER-glucose
In the immediate energy system, the idea that the quantity of ATP stored in a muscle
fiber is very small suggests that muscle ATP concentration is actually not an energy
store per se, rather an essential requirement for optimal ____________ function. -
ANSWER-cell
In the immediate energy system, any reduction in ATP levels coincides with cellular
conditions associated with ______________________. Therefore, the duration for
sustained maximal anaerobically-related exercise performance is very
______________________. - ANSWER--muscle fatigue
Skeletal Muscle Plasticity) Questions
and Answers 100% Correct
The ability of skeletal muscle to perform work to sustain muscle contraction, are
contingent on the availability of ______________________. - ANSWER-adenosine
triphosphate (ATP)
The issue of ATP availability is a function of the muscle fiber's ability to synthesize ATP
from _______________________ and to also resynthesize itself once it has been
degraded to yield energy. - ANSWER-macronutrients (carbs, fats, proteins)
Within the muscle fiber, there are three "systems" in which ATP is provided for cell
work, often termed the __________________. - ANSWER-three metabolic energy
systems
What are the three metabolic energy systems? - ANSWER-1. Immediate Energy
System
2. Lactic Acid System
3. Oxidative System
The immediate energy system in skeletal muscle is comprised of ______________
separate chemical reactions which all working in an integrated manner during high-
intensity, explosive exercise, to degrade ATP, such that energy can be liberated and
used for myocellular work. - ANSWER-three (3)
The immediate energy system is considered to be ________________ and
_______________ meaning that it does not rely on oxygen to drive this process, as
ATP and creatine phosphate (CP) hydrolysis does not depend on oxygen availability nor
does it yield lactic acid (as with glycolysis). - ANSWER--anaerboic
and
-alactic
The immediate energy system involves the stored intracellular levels of ATP, which are
coupled to creatine phosphate (CP) stored within the muscle fiber. This constitutes the
________________ System. - ANSWER-ATP-CP System (phosphagen system)
This reaction in the immediate energy system involves the hydrolysis of ATP to form
ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and is catalyzed by ATPase. - ANSWER-Reaction 1:
ATP + H20 ____ATPase________ > ADP + Pi
, This reaction in the immediate energy system utilizes the ADP from reaction 1 and is
used to combine with creatine phosphate (CP) to form ATP and creatine (C), catalyzed
by the enzyme creatine kinase (CK). - ANSWER-Reaction 2a: ADP + CP _____
creatine kinase______ > ATP + C
This reaction in the immediate energy system utilizes the ADP from reaction 1 and
combines it with another ADP to form ATP and AMP, catalyzed by the enzyme
adenylate kinase/myokinase. - ANSWER-Reaction 2b: ADP + ADP _____
myokinase______ > ATP + AMP
In the immediate energy system, both the creatine kinase (CK) and myokinase
reactions (reactions 2a & 2b) produce ATP, however, the ________________ reaction
yields the greatest amount of ATP. - ANSWER-Creatine Kinase (CK) Reaction
(Reaction 2a)
The overall capacity in which the immediate energy system is capable of supplying
energy through ATP degradation is highly _______________. The total quantity of ATP
stored with a muscle fiber is very ________________. - ANSWER-- limited
- small
____________________ is the only nutrient capable of generating ATP through
glycolysis. The rapid utilization of this nutrient is a result of the production of AMP and
inorganic phosphate. - ANSWER-Carbohydrate
During lower intensity, sustained exercise, the need for ATP is significant, but the rate of
production is not as pronounced as during the Lactic Acid System. As a result, ATP is
produced ________________, by way of mitochondrial respiration. - ANSWER-
oxidatively
The _________________ system involves the combustion of the primary
macronutrients, carbohydrates, and fatty acids, utilizing oxygen that is present in the
mitochondria. - ANSWER-Oxidative system
Carbohydrate can be obtained from _______________ in the blood (either from the diet
or from liver glycogenolysis) or form muscle glycogenolysis. - ANSWER-glucose
In the immediate energy system, the idea that the quantity of ATP stored in a muscle
fiber is very small suggests that muscle ATP concentration is actually not an energy
store per se, rather an essential requirement for optimal ____________ function. -
ANSWER-cell
In the immediate energy system, any reduction in ATP levels coincides with cellular
conditions associated with ______________________. Therefore, the duration for
sustained maximal anaerobically-related exercise performance is very
______________________. - ANSWER--muscle fatigue
