Urinalysis & Other Body Fluids Test Banks
With Solutions
Normal urine color range Clear, straw, yellow, amber
Abnormal urine color and causes: BROWN: old/lysed rbcs, melanin, acids, meds, hgb,
myoglobin, foods
BLACK: Porphyrins and Malaria
RED/PINK: RBCS, hgb, myoglobin, foods
ORANGE: Pyridium (UTI drug)
BLUE/GREEN: Bacterial inf, Pseudomonas spp., Intestinal tract inf. meds
AMBER: bilirubin
Clarity Levels (3 classifications) Clear
Hazy(read words behind it)
Cloudy/Turbid (can't read anything)
, Urinalysis & Other Body Fluids Test Banks
With Solutions
Specific Gravity Definition A ratio of mass contained in a volume of liquid to the mass
contained in an equal volume of pure water at the same temperature.
Specific Gravity: Measures and Purpose Measures: # of dissolved solutes in a solution
Purpose: Determine pts. kidney function (reabsorption/ urine concentration)
Detects ADH abnormalities
Formula: (grams of urine/mL of urine) 1mL/g
Reference Range: 1.003- 1.035
Osmolality Definition Concentration of dissolved solutes per kg of solvent
What is measured using freezing point depression and vapor pressure depression?
Osmolality
Osmolality Clinical Significance Significantly decreased in patients with acute tubular
necrosis because the kidneys are unable to concentrate the urine. (Depends on pt. hydration
status)
, Urinalysis & Other Body Fluids Test Banks
With Solutions
Osmolality Levels: Increased, Normal, Decreased above 1100 mOsm/kg =decreased fluid
intake
Normal: 300-900 mOsm/kg
Below 100 mOsm/kg =excessive fluid intake OR Diabetes insipidus
Reagent Strip: TEST, Clinical Significance, Reaction GLUCOSE:
hyperglycemia/diabetes, Oxidation Reax
PROTEIN: renal disease/exercise/illness, Protein Error Reax
BILIRUBIN: liver disease/biliary obstruction, Diazo Reax
UROBILINOGEN: liver disease/biliary obstruction, NEVER negative
pH: diabetes/high protein diet/meds/vomiting/diarrhea, Double Indicator Reax
BLOOD: urinary tract damage trauma/anemia/muscle destruction, 2 Step Enzymatic Procedure:
Peroxide+blood= 02 +color producer= color change
KETONES: starvation/diabetes, Nitroprusside Reax
NITRITE: high amounts of nitrites= >100,000 CFU of bacteria, Greiss Reax: NO2+
paraarsanilic acid= diagoulon salt+ tetrahydrobengoquinolin= pink color
With Solutions
Normal urine color range Clear, straw, yellow, amber
Abnormal urine color and causes: BROWN: old/lysed rbcs, melanin, acids, meds, hgb,
myoglobin, foods
BLACK: Porphyrins and Malaria
RED/PINK: RBCS, hgb, myoglobin, foods
ORANGE: Pyridium (UTI drug)
BLUE/GREEN: Bacterial inf, Pseudomonas spp., Intestinal tract inf. meds
AMBER: bilirubin
Clarity Levels (3 classifications) Clear
Hazy(read words behind it)
Cloudy/Turbid (can't read anything)
, Urinalysis & Other Body Fluids Test Banks
With Solutions
Specific Gravity Definition A ratio of mass contained in a volume of liquid to the mass
contained in an equal volume of pure water at the same temperature.
Specific Gravity: Measures and Purpose Measures: # of dissolved solutes in a solution
Purpose: Determine pts. kidney function (reabsorption/ urine concentration)
Detects ADH abnormalities
Formula: (grams of urine/mL of urine) 1mL/g
Reference Range: 1.003- 1.035
Osmolality Definition Concentration of dissolved solutes per kg of solvent
What is measured using freezing point depression and vapor pressure depression?
Osmolality
Osmolality Clinical Significance Significantly decreased in patients with acute tubular
necrosis because the kidneys are unable to concentrate the urine. (Depends on pt. hydration
status)
, Urinalysis & Other Body Fluids Test Banks
With Solutions
Osmolality Levels: Increased, Normal, Decreased above 1100 mOsm/kg =decreased fluid
intake
Normal: 300-900 mOsm/kg
Below 100 mOsm/kg =excessive fluid intake OR Diabetes insipidus
Reagent Strip: TEST, Clinical Significance, Reaction GLUCOSE:
hyperglycemia/diabetes, Oxidation Reax
PROTEIN: renal disease/exercise/illness, Protein Error Reax
BILIRUBIN: liver disease/biliary obstruction, Diazo Reax
UROBILINOGEN: liver disease/biliary obstruction, NEVER negative
pH: diabetes/high protein diet/meds/vomiting/diarrhea, Double Indicator Reax
BLOOD: urinary tract damage trauma/anemia/muscle destruction, 2 Step Enzymatic Procedure:
Peroxide+blood= 02 +color producer= color change
KETONES: starvation/diabetes, Nitroprusside Reax
NITRITE: high amounts of nitrites= >100,000 CFU of bacteria, Greiss Reax: NO2+
paraarsanilic acid= diagoulon salt+ tetrahydrobengoquinolin= pink color
