Clinical Lab Final Exam 2024/2025

Clinical Lab Final Exam
1-3 Days - ANS Lab turnaround time for routine tests



1-2 hours - ANS Lab turnaround time for priority tests



30-60 minutes - ANS Lab turnaround time for STAT tests



Quality control and training - ANS What are the challenges of point of care testing?



Critical Lab Value - ANS Any test result that may require rapid clinical attention to avert significant
patient morbidity or mortality and prompts verbal notification of test results to Pt



Specificity - ANS The ability of a test to correctly exclude individuals who do not have a given disease or
condition



Sensitivity - ANS The ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who have a given disease or
condition



RBC/WBC count - ANS A needle smaller than 22 gauge can cause hemolysis. What results would be
lower than normal?



Blood bank storage - ANS Purpose of using a red top vacutainer



Serum - ANS Specimen type of tiger top/gold top vacutainer



Clotting factors - ANS Target of light blue vacutainer

,Sodium citrate anticoagulant - ANS Chemical in light blue vacutainers



Plasma; CBC - ANS What is the specimen type of lavender vacutainers? What test can be ordered?



Trace Metals - ANS Target of royal blue vacutainers



Glucose - ANS Target of gray vacutainers



Lactate, creatinine, potassium, WBC count - ANS What all is increased by strenuous exercise and may
affect a blood sample?



Emotional stress - ANS What may falsely increase WBC count?



Lowers WBC, RBC, and platelet count - ANS What affect does clotting have on specimen?



Serum potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase - ANS What
components will be elevated when specimen is hemolyzed?



Clerical - ANS What type of error is more likely to cause incorrect results? Clerical or technical



Muscle Mass - ANS Relative factor of GFR value



>20:1 - ANS Prerenal BUN:Cr ratio



10-20:1 - ANS Normal or postrenal BUN:Cr ratio

,<10:1 - ANS Intrarenal BUN:Cr ratio



Decreased blood flow to kidneys - ANS FeNA <1% indicates _____



Renal damage - ANS FeNA 1-4% indicates ____



Urinary tract obstruction - ANS FeNA >4% indicates ______



Conjugated bilirubin - ANS Dark amber urine indicates ______



Intact RBCs - ANS Cloudy pink/red urine indicates ______



Hemoglobin/myoglobin - ANS Clear pink/red urine indicates ______



Melanin; metastatic malignant melanoma - ANS Black urine has ______ and indicates ________



Cystitis or excretion of rifampin antibiotic - ANS Dark orange Clear urine indicates ______ or _____



6-6.5 - ANS Desirable pH range of urine



UTI, vomiting, Metabolic Alkalosis, Certain antibiotics - ANS 4 Causes of persistent alkaline urine (pH 7-8)



Metabolic acidosis, DM, starvation, diarrhea, certain drugs - ANS 4 causes of persistent acidic urine (pH
5-6)

, 30-150mg - ANS Range for microalbuminuria



>150mg - ANS Range for proteinuria



Dehydration, emotional stress, fever, orthostatic proteinuria, seizures - ANS 5 causes of transient
proteinuria



Pre-renal proteinuria - ANS High protein concentration in urine caused by plasma cell malignancy



Glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, DM, pre-eclampsia - ANS 4 renal causes of proteinuria



Pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis - ANS 4 causes of post renal proteinuria



Dilute or acidic urine - ANS What characteristics can give false negatives of proteinuria?



Medication, contamination, alkaline urine - ANS What characteristics can cause a false positive for
proteinuria



Glucosuria - ANS DM, pregnancy, Cushing's Syndrome, Liver/pancreatic disease, and impaired tubular
reabsorption can cause ______



DKA, low carb intake, vomiting/diarrhea - ANS Causes of positive ketone result in urinalysis



Burns, exercise, cystitis, trauma, renal lithiasis - ANS Causes of hemoglobinuria



MI or crushing injuries - ANS Causes of myoglobinurina