, II of XXI pages
Highlight the letter of the Answer that corresponds to the displayed Question.
1. Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate (Solu-Medrol) Action
A: Carbohydrate Hypertonic Solution
B: Strengthens and stabilizes cell membranes, leading to: decreases in capillary permeability - prevents
and edema. Blockage of the release of histamine, bradykinin and other substances that cause vasodilation,
C: Adult: Titrated doses of 12.5-25mg, to achieve desired effect. Pediatric: Not used in the prehospital setting.
D: Topical Anticholinergic
2. Ondansetron HCL (Zofran) Contraindications
A: Hypersensitivity Children under the age of 2 years
B: Sympathomimetic
C: 1-5 minutes Duration 2-4 hours
D: Topical anesthetic for eyes that blocks nerve impulses from sensory nerves.
3. Furosemide (Lasix) Drug interactions
A: Monitor respiratory status closely. Administer at site closest to IV catheter, flush well before and after,
large veins (scorches veins). IM is absorbed erratically and has a long onset. Can cause cleft palate in 1st
B: An adjunct to, but not a substitute for bronchodilators during: wheezing associated with refractory asthma
C: Topical anesthetic for eyes that blocks nerve impulses from sensory nerves.
D: Digitalis toxicity Increased ototoxicity when used with some antibiotics
4. Promethazine HCL (Phenergan) Precautions
A: Monitor LOC Avoid antra-arterial or subcutaneous administration. Give slowly in small boluses and flush
can cause vein irritation, phlebitis, and sclerosis. Watch for signs/symptoms of excessive sedation and dystonic
B: Ondansetron does not work effectively in every patient. Patients who fail to respond to a single IV dose
C: Synthetic steroid
D: 10mg/mL 2,4,8,10mL
5. Promethazine HCL (Phenergan) Side effects
A: Marked drowsiness/sedation Dystonic reaction Tissue necrosis if IV infiltrates, or if not given deep IM
B: Schedule IV, short-acting benzo. Benzodiazepine
C: Bronchospasm associated with asthma or COPD that does not respond to the first dose of Albuterol.
D: Sensitivity to soy lecithin products (soybeans, peanuts) Sensitivity to Atropine Bronchoconstriction that is
6. Midazolam (Versed) Dose and Route
A: Ondansetron does not work effectively in every patient. Patients who fail to respond to a single IV dose
B: Caution patient not to rub eye.
C: Hypersensitivity Children under the age of 2 years
D: Adult: Sedation, combative pts, CP from SNS. Seizures: 1-2.5mg titrated up to 10mg SLOW IV/IO/IN
PAI: 0.1mg/kg IV/IO to achieve effect with max dose 5.0mg. Pediatric: 0.5mg/mg rectal up to 10mg or
2024/2025 Edition
, III of XXI pages
7. Midazolam (Versed) Midazolam (Versed) Actions
A: Enhances the affect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
B: Benzodiazepine: sedative/hypnotic anticonvulsant anxiolytic amnesic muscle relaxant
C: Monitor respiratory status closely. Administer at site closest to IV catheter, flush well before and after,
large veins (scorches veins). IM is absorbed erratically and has a long onset. Can cause cleft palate in 1st
D: Acutely psychotic patients Decompression sickness Patients who cannot self-administer Any altered LOC
head injury Abdominal distension Major facial trauma Chest trauma or actual/suspected pneumothorax
8. Nitrous Oxide:Oxygen (50:50) (Nitronox) Dose
A: 20-40mg SIVP (20mg/min) Double the usual daily single dose
B: All doses are combined with 2.5mg of Albuterol. Adult: Nebulizer: 0.5mg in 2.5mL NS Pediatric:
C: Acutely psychotic patients Decompression sickness Patients who cannot self-administer Any altered LOC
head injury Abdominal distension Major facial trauma Chest trauma or actual/suspected pneumothorax
D: Adult: Instruct patients to inhale deeply as they hold the mask. Pediatric: Same as above.
9. Promethazine HCL (Phenergan) Contraindications
A: Hypersensitivity to proteins
B: moderate to severe allergic reactions (after epi) Anaphylaxis Acute extrapyramidal (dystonic) reactions
C: Antiemetic
D: Hypersensitivity Comatose states CNS depression from alcohol, barbituates, or narcotics Signs associated
10. Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent) Class
A: Bronchospasm associated with asthma or COPD that does not respond to the first dose of Albuterol.
B: Topical Anticholinergic
C: Hypertension Sodium and water retention Headache Hypokalemia Alkalosis
D: Ingestion of pills, capsules, and tablets.
11. Dextrose Route and Dose
A: Sympathomimetic
B: Adult: 12.5-25 gm slow IV Pediatric: 12 and up: D50 25 gm may repeat x1 1 month - 12 years: D25
C: 2 types, Actidose Aqua and Actidose with sorbitol. Actidose w/sorbitol is charcoal mixed with a sugar
D: Pulmonary edema Renal disease Hyperkalemia
12. Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate (Solu-Medrol) Action
A: Affects sodium and chloride re-absorption at the Loop of Henle Decreased osmotic gradient
B: Sympathomimetic
C: Intracranial hemorrhage Increased intracranial pressure CVA in absence of hypoglycemia
D: Controls symptoms, suppresses acute and chronic inflammation for asthma, COPD, allergies, but does not
the underlying disease. In asthma, increases the number of beta receptors and increases responsiveness to beta
2024/2025 Edition
Highlight the letter of the Answer that corresponds to the displayed Question.
1. Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate (Solu-Medrol) Action
A: Carbohydrate Hypertonic Solution
B: Strengthens and stabilizes cell membranes, leading to: decreases in capillary permeability - prevents
and edema. Blockage of the release of histamine, bradykinin and other substances that cause vasodilation,
C: Adult: Titrated doses of 12.5-25mg, to achieve desired effect. Pediatric: Not used in the prehospital setting.
D: Topical Anticholinergic
2. Ondansetron HCL (Zofran) Contraindications
A: Hypersensitivity Children under the age of 2 years
B: Sympathomimetic
C: 1-5 minutes Duration 2-4 hours
D: Topical anesthetic for eyes that blocks nerve impulses from sensory nerves.
3. Furosemide (Lasix) Drug interactions
A: Monitor respiratory status closely. Administer at site closest to IV catheter, flush well before and after,
large veins (scorches veins). IM is absorbed erratically and has a long onset. Can cause cleft palate in 1st
B: An adjunct to, but not a substitute for bronchodilators during: wheezing associated with refractory asthma
C: Topical anesthetic for eyes that blocks nerve impulses from sensory nerves.
D: Digitalis toxicity Increased ototoxicity when used with some antibiotics
4. Promethazine HCL (Phenergan) Precautions
A: Monitor LOC Avoid antra-arterial or subcutaneous administration. Give slowly in small boluses and flush
can cause vein irritation, phlebitis, and sclerosis. Watch for signs/symptoms of excessive sedation and dystonic
B: Ondansetron does not work effectively in every patient. Patients who fail to respond to a single IV dose
C: Synthetic steroid
D: 10mg/mL 2,4,8,10mL
5. Promethazine HCL (Phenergan) Side effects
A: Marked drowsiness/sedation Dystonic reaction Tissue necrosis if IV infiltrates, or if not given deep IM
B: Schedule IV, short-acting benzo. Benzodiazepine
C: Bronchospasm associated with asthma or COPD that does not respond to the first dose of Albuterol.
D: Sensitivity to soy lecithin products (soybeans, peanuts) Sensitivity to Atropine Bronchoconstriction that is
6. Midazolam (Versed) Dose and Route
A: Ondansetron does not work effectively in every patient. Patients who fail to respond to a single IV dose
B: Caution patient not to rub eye.
C: Hypersensitivity Children under the age of 2 years
D: Adult: Sedation, combative pts, CP from SNS. Seizures: 1-2.5mg titrated up to 10mg SLOW IV/IO/IN
PAI: 0.1mg/kg IV/IO to achieve effect with max dose 5.0mg. Pediatric: 0.5mg/mg rectal up to 10mg or
2024/2025 Edition
, III of XXI pages
7. Midazolam (Versed) Midazolam (Versed) Actions
A: Enhances the affect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
B: Benzodiazepine: sedative/hypnotic anticonvulsant anxiolytic amnesic muscle relaxant
C: Monitor respiratory status closely. Administer at site closest to IV catheter, flush well before and after,
large veins (scorches veins). IM is absorbed erratically and has a long onset. Can cause cleft palate in 1st
D: Acutely psychotic patients Decompression sickness Patients who cannot self-administer Any altered LOC
head injury Abdominal distension Major facial trauma Chest trauma or actual/suspected pneumothorax
8. Nitrous Oxide:Oxygen (50:50) (Nitronox) Dose
A: 20-40mg SIVP (20mg/min) Double the usual daily single dose
B: All doses are combined with 2.5mg of Albuterol. Adult: Nebulizer: 0.5mg in 2.5mL NS Pediatric:
C: Acutely psychotic patients Decompression sickness Patients who cannot self-administer Any altered LOC
head injury Abdominal distension Major facial trauma Chest trauma or actual/suspected pneumothorax
D: Adult: Instruct patients to inhale deeply as they hold the mask. Pediatric: Same as above.
9. Promethazine HCL (Phenergan) Contraindications
A: Hypersensitivity to proteins
B: moderate to severe allergic reactions (after epi) Anaphylaxis Acute extrapyramidal (dystonic) reactions
C: Antiemetic
D: Hypersensitivity Comatose states CNS depression from alcohol, barbituates, or narcotics Signs associated
10. Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent) Class
A: Bronchospasm associated with asthma or COPD that does not respond to the first dose of Albuterol.
B: Topical Anticholinergic
C: Hypertension Sodium and water retention Headache Hypokalemia Alkalosis
D: Ingestion of pills, capsules, and tablets.
11. Dextrose Route and Dose
A: Sympathomimetic
B: Adult: 12.5-25 gm slow IV Pediatric: 12 and up: D50 25 gm may repeat x1 1 month - 12 years: D25
C: 2 types, Actidose Aqua and Actidose with sorbitol. Actidose w/sorbitol is charcoal mixed with a sugar
D: Pulmonary edema Renal disease Hyperkalemia
12. Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate (Solu-Medrol) Action
A: Affects sodium and chloride re-absorption at the Loop of Henle Decreased osmotic gradient
B: Sympathomimetic
C: Intracranial hemorrhage Increased intracranial pressure CVA in absence of hypoglycemia
D: Controls symptoms, suppresses acute and chronic inflammation for asthma, COPD, allergies, but does not
the underlying disease. In asthma, increases the number of beta receptors and increases responsiveness to beta
2024/2025 Edition
