©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
NU 409: exam 3 Study Guide Solutions
neonatal period - Ans:✔✔-the first 28 days outside of the womb (known as the neonatal period)
transition to extrauterine life lasts... - Ans:✔✔-6 to 8 hours
first phase of transition period occurs... - Ans:✔✔-1-2 hours after birth
during the first phase of transition period, the infant should be... - Ans:✔✔-awake and alert, this is an
optimal time for initiating breastfeeding and bonding
the second phase of transition is a time of... - Ans:✔✔-sleep and may last several hours
the final phase of transition is the second phase of reactivity that occurs between... what is often passed
at this time? - Ans:✔✔-2 and 8 hours after birth, meconium often passed at this time
meconium, what is it? - Ans:✔✔-baby's first bowel movement
-black, looks like tar
-some baby's pass meconium in utero
what are the cues to start breathing - Ans:✔✔--chemical
Page 1/60
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
-mechanical
-thermal
chemical cues for breathing - Ans:✔✔-When cord clamped and the placenta cannot provide gas
exchange, a mild state of hypoxia is created, which stimulates breathing.
mechanical cues for breathing - Ans:✔✔--Squeezing through the birth canal is a mechanical mechanism
to absorb fluid in the lungs.
-Crying after delivery helps absorb fluid in the lungs.
which delivery method has a more difficult time with mechanical cues for breathing - Ans:✔✔-c-section
thermal cues for breathing - Ans:✔✔-At birth, the neonate goes from a warm liquid environment to one
that is cool and dry. This change in temperature is thought to stimulate breathing
breathing of the neonate is _____ and ______. - Ans:✔✔--fast
-shallow
what is the range for baby breaths - Ans:✔✔-40 to 60 breaths per min
when assessing a baby's breathing, they may occasionally have... - Ans:✔✔-Pauses in breathing (apnea)
that last up to 20 seconds are considered normal
Page 2/60
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
in healthy newborns, the chest and abdomen... - Ans:✔✔-rise and fall synchronously
what do you need to make sure is patent for the baby - Ans:✔✔-nares
Acrocyanosis - Ans:✔✔-Temporary cyanotic condition, usually in newborns resulting in a bluish color
around the lips, hands and fingernails, feet and toenails. May last for a few hours and disappear with
warming.
cyanosis - Ans:✔✔-central cyanosis, which is indicated by bluing of the lips and chest, is abnormal.
transient cyanosis when crying is not uncommon immediately after birth
apnea - Ans:✔✔-cessation for breathing for 20s or more is concerning. shorter periods of apnea in the
absence of other signs of distress are considered normal. apnea over 20 seconds may indicate sepsis,
hypothermia, hypoglycemia, or another problem
tachypnea - Ans:✔✔-neonates typically take 30-60 breaths per minute. sustained tachypnea is abnormal
and may indicate respiratory distress syndrome or fluid in the lungs. it may also indicate infection or
cardiac metabolic illness
Intercostal or substernal retractions - Ans:✔✔-retractions are the pulling in of tissue with each breath
and indicate reduced pressure inside the lungs, likely because of occlusion of the upper airways
Page 3/60
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
grunting - Ans:✔✔-grunting with expiration occurs with a partially closed glottis. this partial occlusion
increases the pressure within the lungs so more oxygen can diffuse into the bloodstream. grunting may
be auscultated with a stethoscope or, in more severe cases, heard without assistance
nasal flaring - Ans:✔✔-nasal flaring expands the airway and reduces airway resistance
seesaw breathing - Ans:✔✔--the chest and abdomen rise simultaneously in the absence of respiratory
distress
-suggest partial blockage of airways
after birth, the first breaths... - Ans:✔✔-dilate pulmonary vasculature, which reduces pulmonary vascular
resistance
Pulmonary vascular resistance causes... - Ans:✔✔-increased blood return from the lungs to the left
atrium.
With the increased blood flow... - Ans:✔✔-the left atrium has a higher pressure that the right atrium,
causing closing of the foramen ovale.
Clamping of the cord eliminates the blood flow through... - Ans:✔✔-the ductus venosus, which begins to
atrophy.
Page 4/60
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
NU 409: exam 3 Study Guide Solutions
neonatal period - Ans:✔✔-the first 28 days outside of the womb (known as the neonatal period)
transition to extrauterine life lasts... - Ans:✔✔-6 to 8 hours
first phase of transition period occurs... - Ans:✔✔-1-2 hours after birth
during the first phase of transition period, the infant should be... - Ans:✔✔-awake and alert, this is an
optimal time for initiating breastfeeding and bonding
the second phase of transition is a time of... - Ans:✔✔-sleep and may last several hours
the final phase of transition is the second phase of reactivity that occurs between... what is often passed
at this time? - Ans:✔✔-2 and 8 hours after birth, meconium often passed at this time
meconium, what is it? - Ans:✔✔-baby's first bowel movement
-black, looks like tar
-some baby's pass meconium in utero
what are the cues to start breathing - Ans:✔✔--chemical
Page 1/60
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
-mechanical
-thermal
chemical cues for breathing - Ans:✔✔-When cord clamped and the placenta cannot provide gas
exchange, a mild state of hypoxia is created, which stimulates breathing.
mechanical cues for breathing - Ans:✔✔--Squeezing through the birth canal is a mechanical mechanism
to absorb fluid in the lungs.
-Crying after delivery helps absorb fluid in the lungs.
which delivery method has a more difficult time with mechanical cues for breathing - Ans:✔✔-c-section
thermal cues for breathing - Ans:✔✔-At birth, the neonate goes from a warm liquid environment to one
that is cool and dry. This change in temperature is thought to stimulate breathing
breathing of the neonate is _____ and ______. - Ans:✔✔--fast
-shallow
what is the range for baby breaths - Ans:✔✔-40 to 60 breaths per min
when assessing a baby's breathing, they may occasionally have... - Ans:✔✔-Pauses in breathing (apnea)
that last up to 20 seconds are considered normal
Page 2/60
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
in healthy newborns, the chest and abdomen... - Ans:✔✔-rise and fall synchronously
what do you need to make sure is patent for the baby - Ans:✔✔-nares
Acrocyanosis - Ans:✔✔-Temporary cyanotic condition, usually in newborns resulting in a bluish color
around the lips, hands and fingernails, feet and toenails. May last for a few hours and disappear with
warming.
cyanosis - Ans:✔✔-central cyanosis, which is indicated by bluing of the lips and chest, is abnormal.
transient cyanosis when crying is not uncommon immediately after birth
apnea - Ans:✔✔-cessation for breathing for 20s or more is concerning. shorter periods of apnea in the
absence of other signs of distress are considered normal. apnea over 20 seconds may indicate sepsis,
hypothermia, hypoglycemia, or another problem
tachypnea - Ans:✔✔-neonates typically take 30-60 breaths per minute. sustained tachypnea is abnormal
and may indicate respiratory distress syndrome or fluid in the lungs. it may also indicate infection or
cardiac metabolic illness
Intercostal or substernal retractions - Ans:✔✔-retractions are the pulling in of tissue with each breath
and indicate reduced pressure inside the lungs, likely because of occlusion of the upper airways
Page 3/60
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
grunting - Ans:✔✔-grunting with expiration occurs with a partially closed glottis. this partial occlusion
increases the pressure within the lungs so more oxygen can diffuse into the bloodstream. grunting may
be auscultated with a stethoscope or, in more severe cases, heard without assistance
nasal flaring - Ans:✔✔-nasal flaring expands the airway and reduces airway resistance
seesaw breathing - Ans:✔✔--the chest and abdomen rise simultaneously in the absence of respiratory
distress
-suggest partial blockage of airways
after birth, the first breaths... - Ans:✔✔-dilate pulmonary vasculature, which reduces pulmonary vascular
resistance
Pulmonary vascular resistance causes... - Ans:✔✔-increased blood return from the lungs to the left
atrium.
With the increased blood flow... - Ans:✔✔-the left atrium has a higher pressure that the right atrium,
causing closing of the foramen ovale.
Clamping of the cord eliminates the blood flow through... - Ans:✔✔-the ductus venosus, which begins to
atrophy.
Page 4/60
